Take effective measures to prevent contamination of edible mushroom strains
In the production of edible fungi, seed production is a key component. In the process of producing strains, improper operation, incomplete disinfection, etc. can lead to the intrusion of bacteria, contaminated strains, which will reduce the commodity rate of edible fungi and reduce the benefits. The following are common bacteria and prevention and control of edible fungi production. The measures are described as follows:
First, Penicillium is the most common type of bacteria. After contamination, small, individual green powders appear on the medium. Mildew. The bacteria are extremely widespread and spread by airborne conidia on materials that have not been thoroughly sterilized and wet. Control measures: 1 The culture materials should be strictly disinfected. 2 Strictly control the aseptic technique when inoculating. 3 strengthen ventilation, cooling, dehumidification. 4 Local pollution can be washed with 5-10% lime water.
Second, Trichoderma is mainly Trichoderma viride or Trichoderma koningii. Rely on spores floating in the air in organic materials such as decayed wood, seeds, plant residues, compost and soil. The fungus is acidic, the temperature is 25-30°C, and the air relative humidity is 80-90%. It can easily occur within 3-5 days from spotting to the entire material surface. Trichoderma often mixed with Penicillium, the two mycelium color is similar, the difference is that Penicillus from white to green or light yellow, and Trichoderma mycelium began to be white, green spores become green or copper green, and gradually deepen. Trichoderma viride has strong cellulase activity and can decompose cellulose. It mainly occurs in the interior of sawdust and other lignin fiber-rich cultures. Because of its rapid growth, in addition to competing for nutrients with edible fungi, it also secretes toxins. Therefore, an "island-like" antagonistic line, which forms a pair of warts between the edible mycelium, often inhibits the growth of edible fungi. Control measures: 1 The culture material is strictly sterilized, and the mycelia and spores in the culture material are completely eliminated; the asepsis operation is performed, and ventilation and cooling are strengthened. 2 Dosage of formaldehyde should not be excessive when disinfected to prevent acidic environment. 3 When there is Trichoderma on the medium, apply 755 alcohol, 15% bleach solution, 50% carbendazim 200 times, and spray 1-5% lime water or sprinkled white ash powder in time to remove, and then use lime water. smear. When handling, it is best to move the strain bag (bottle) outside to prevent the spores from scattering. After the appearance of the trichoderma, it is strictly prohibited to open the bottle cap or uncover the film to avoid spreading. When using plastic bags for seeding, do not move too much during cultivation. 4 Timely removal of germinating species that have not germinated. The tampon of the 5 strainer strainer and the strainer bag should not be damp, and the culture chamber should be kept dry and clean. 6 mother species must be pure. 7 Mix 25% (or 5%) of carbendazim 2g or 75% of the carton 1g per kilogram of dry material.
Third, Mucor, Rhizopus, and Mucor goinii, also known as pilose, mainly occur on the initial culture medium and strains of indoor mushroom (ear). The hyphae appeared white or gray at the beginning and turned pale yellow afterwards. The hyphae are sparse, stout, and clearly visible. The larger the moisture content of the culture material, the heavier the occurrence. The ability to break down starch is strong and it grows very quickly.
Staggered growth on the material surface, the formation of loose needle-like long hair, about three days, can cover the entire material surface, cut off oxygen, compete for nutrients, water, and secrete toxins, affecting the growth of edible fungus mycelium. After about 40 hours, a large amount of black spores can be produced. Rhizopus was similar to Mucor, except that there was no hyphae in the culture material, and only the surface of the substrate was grown on the surface of the substrate, no aerial hyphae. Aspergillus is easy to occur when the moisture content of culture materials is low and the temperature is high. The initial stage of hyphae was white cotton floc, which turned yellow afterwards. When the temperature reached above 27°C, a large amount of spores were produced. Due to the different types of bacteria, there were black, yellow-green, orange and orange colors, which spread rapidly. Mucor, Rhizopus, and Aspergillus are widely distributed, with spores in soil, fertilizer, and air. Control measures: 1 thorough disinfection, sterilization, and do a good job of aseptic operation. 2 When adding spices, add 25% (or 5%) of carbendazim 2g, or 75% thiophanate methyl 1g per kilogram of dry material.
4. Aspergillus spp. is also known as Neurospora sp., and all levels of bacteria can be harmful during the production process. Especially when the temperature is high and the humidity is high, it easily occurs. The bacteria are widely distributed in nature, and various organic substances such as corn cobs, corn stalks, cottonseed hulls, and waste cotton are prone to occur. Its conidia are floating everywhere. Hyphae germinate very quickly after it settles on the surface of the organic material. The hyphae spread rapidly, initially gray or yellow-white, slender, rapidly growing downwards and growing up to the tampon. Outside the tampon, a large number of pale red conidia are formed and piled up into clusters of up to 1 cm thick. It is also known as pink powder. Slightly shaken, the spores were scattered into the air and spread everywhere. Prevention and control measures: 1 Do a good job of environmental sanitation, waste cultivation materials should be buried. 2 The culture material is completely sterilized, and the tampon must not be exposed to moisture, and it should be replaced immediately after the dampening. The strainer bottle (bag) should be free from damage. 3 The inoculation room should be completely disinfected and strictly abide by the aseptic procedures. 4 Lime on the ground, if necessary, lime on the bottle tampon and keep it dry. After being found, it is removed, burned, and sprayed with 75% wettable thiophanate 500 times, or m3 space per 10 meters of formaldehyde.
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