The cultivation and harvesting of leeks

In North China, land selection for leek cultivation is crucial due to the relatively low market demand. Large contiguous plots are not ideal, so leeks are typically grown in smaller fields, along the east and west sides of greenhouses, or in the southern areas. It's important to choose fertile, weed-free plots to prevent continuous cropping issues. Before sowing, 45,000 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare should be applied to enrich the soil. Leeks are mostly sown using seed sowing methods, especially when there's enough moisture in the soil. If the soil is dry, it's essential to water before planting. Seeds should be evenly distributed, sown shallowly, and then lightly pressed into the soil to ensure good contact between the seeds and the soil for better germination. Alternatively, you can water the area first, let the soil absorb the moisture, then cover the seeds with a thin layer of fine soil about 1 cm thick. For spring sowing, use 11–15 kg per hectare; for summer, 30–37 kg; and for autumn, 15–22.5 kg. Note that leek seeds have a dormancy period, so new seeds from the same year should not be used immediately, as they may not germinate well. Field management plays a key role in successful leek growth. In normal weather conditions, spring-sown leeks usually emerge within 5–7 days, while summer-sown ones take around 3 days. Watering should be done just before the seedlings emerge to keep the soil moist, which helps with germination. After the seedlings appear, regular watering is necessary to maintain moisture without causing waterlogging. During rainy seasons, extra care is needed—especially if mud splashes onto the leaves. This should be cleaned off early in the morning or late in the evening to avoid hindering plant growth. For autumn-sown leeks, watering should be controlled before winter to prevent leggy growth and ensure safe overwintering. For spring and summer crops, which have a shorter growing season, two top-dressings are usually sufficient. The first application occurs when the plants have two true leaves, and the second follows 15–20 days later. Each time, apply 22,500 kg of manure urine or 150 kg of urea per hectare. Autumn-sown leeks, which have a longer harvesting period, require one top-dressing after each harvest, allowing for up to four applications. Weed control is essential because leeks grow slowly and are easily outcompeted by weeds. It's best to cultivate small plots and manually remove weeds regularly. Early weeding is critical—pull small weeds before they become too large and damage the seedlings. Be careful not to injure the young plants during this process. Harvesting timing varies depending on the season. Spring and summer-sown leeks grow quickly, taking 30–50 days from sowing to harvest, and can be harvested once or twice. Autumn-sown leeks take 30–35 days to mature and can be harvested 4–5 times, with some regions like the Yangtze River Valley extending the harvest into late spring. When harvesting, select mature plants with 10–13 true leaves and ensure they are well-rooted. Leave the smaller seedlings to continue growing. Maintain even spacing by thinning densely planted areas and avoiding overcrowding. After harvesting, water the remaining plants promptly to support their continued growth. A typical yield ranges from 37,500 to 45,000 kg per hectare.

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