Cultivation Techniques of Autumn Late Tomato
The September-December season is the off-season of tomato supply, but during the “Mid-Autumn Festival, National Day†festival, the demand for tomatoes has increased. The development of late tomato can not only solve the problem of supply and sale of tomatoes, but also improve the economic benefits of agricultural products. However, late autumn tomato is susceptible to adverse environmental conditions such as heavy rain, drought and pests during the growing period, resulting in reduced production or even no harvest. Therefore, it is especially important to master the corresponding supporting cultivation techniques.
1 variety selection
In late autumn, the growth period of tomato is relatively short. It is necessary to choose early-maturing or mid-maturing varieties that are resistant to high temperature, high humidity, disease resistance and storage. The main varieties of Wudang District in Guiyang City are Gangshi 138 and Jinpeng No. 1, Jinfen 2, Shanghai 908 tomato, Zhongza 9 and so on.
2 sowing seedlings
2.1 Strict control of sowing date In the autumn and late tomato, different sowing dates must be selected due to differences in cultivation patterns, varieties and market supply time. The protected area (arch shed) is sown from May 1st to June 1st, and the open field is sown from April 17th to May 17th.
2.2 Build a nursery shed, cover the seedlings
2.2.1 Selection of nursery sites. The nursery site should choose a place with high ground temperature, less weeds around, convenient drainage and good ventilation.
2.2.2 Build a shelter. The roof or pergola is built in a seedling-rich nursery site, the area of ​​which is 1.5 times the area of ​​the nursery, the height of the roof is 1.5-1.8m, and the height of the roof is 1.0m. The roof is covered with plastic straw on the straw to prevent rain leakage, and the sunshade is prepared. network.
2.2.3 Construction nursery. In the nursery site, the depth is 15cm, the width is 1.2-1.5m, and the length depends on the number of nursery nurseries.
2.2.4 With nutritious soil. The soil and the decomposed soil mixed fertilizer which have not been planted with the solanaceous vegetables are mixed into the sieve by 3:1, and then 20 kg of compound fertilizer and 100-150 g of carbendazim are added per cubic meter of soil, and the mixture is mixed and then placed in a seedling bed. .
2.2.5 Soaking seeds and germination. Place the seeds in warm water at 50-55 ° C, stir for 5 min, cool to 30 ° C, soak the seeds for 20-24 h, then wrap them in a damp cloth and germination at room temperature, taking care to keep ventilation.
2.2.6 Seeding. 1d before sowing, sprinkle water in the nursery pot, cover the mulch, cover the soil 15cm after sowing, spray 600 times of carbendazim medicinal agent, cover the mulch, and remove the mulch after the seed buds 1/2. Prevent pests and diseases.
2.3 Seedling management Due to the short growth period of late-maturing tomato, it should be strengthened. During the whole growth period, attention should be paid to preventing high temperature, rain, strong light irradiation and controlling the temperature of the seedbed to avoid high seedlings and pests. After the seedlings are untidyed, the sunshade nets shall be removed in time. When the light is strong and the temperature is high, the shades should be shaded in time. The 600 times of the enemy is sprayed once every 6-7 days, and the insects such as the leaf miner, the diamondback moth, and the cotton bollworm appear in the seedling stage. It can be applied with 1500 times of pesticides such as dimethoate, card gram, and killing.
3 Prepare for the ground and apply the base fertilizer
3.1 Site preparation Fertilization Autumn and late mature tomato planting plots should choose acidic or neutral soil with high topography and convenient irrigation and drainage. Applying high-quality rotted mixed fertilizer of 37,500 kg per hectare, compound fertilizer 600-750 kg and superphosphate 750 kg.
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4 Reasonable close planting, cover film frame
When the seedling grows 4-5 leaves, the human field is planted in time. The limited growth type tomato is planted from 42,000 to 45,000 per hectare, and the infinite growth type tomato is planted from 33,000 to 42,000 per hectare. The colonization is selected in the afternoon or cloudy day. Before planting, the foot water is poured, and after planting, the root water is poured. The depth of planting depends on the seedling condition, covering the mulch film. When planting in the open field, attention should be paid to the seedlings to cover the shade, and the cover is removed after the seedlings survive.
5 Field management
5.1 When controlling greenhouse cultivation, it is best to use insect nets in the greenhouse skirt. The temperature in the late growth period is controlled at around 20 °C, and the greenhouse is closed at night. It is ventilated at 9:00 am on sunny days, closed at 16:00 pm, and then closed at shed temperature. Time, cover time should be based on the local climate, generally Wudang District, Guiyang City, choose to cover the shed from late September to early October.
5.2 Fertilizer and water management During the whole growth period, attention should be paid to the prevention of drought and drought. After the rainstorm, the water should be drained in time. When the weather turns fine, the soil should be loosened in time. Pay attention to watering during the drought. The watering should be even, and the growth and development speed of the late autumn tomato is faster. The fertilizer method is best to use foliar spray fertilizer, spray one time before the flowering of the seedlings and the fruiting period, and mainly apply auxin such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and spray Shibao. When planting in protected areas, attention should be paid to ventilation and ventilation to reduce air humidity and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
5.3 Pruning truss The limited-growth tomato adopts double-rod or three-bar pruning. The infinitely growing tomato adopts single-rod or double-rod pruning. The scaffolding can adopt the bamboo raft with a height of 2m and a diameter of 2-3cm to take the adult-shaped frame, and timely bind the vines. Pruning.
6 pest control
It is necessary to adopt the policy of “prevention first, comprehensive preventionâ€. The specific methods are as follows: 1 When pests and diseases occur, the corresponding insecticides are used to prevent pests and diseases from staying in the initial spotting state. 2 At 9:00 am or 16:00 pm, the whole tomato field will be jointed with the non-polluting pesticides with high potential, high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue. 3 After the rain before the rain, spray control.
7 harvesting
In the afternoon, if it is rainy, it should be harvested in advance or delayed in time.
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