Discussion on Mineral Nutrition of Flue-cured Tobacco
2019-06-15 20:03:47
Mineral nutrition is an important factor affecting the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Since the relationship between the soil environment and the nutrition of tobacco plants is mutual, the interaction of mineral nutrient elements in the soil-plant system has a significant impact on the mineral nutrition of tobacco plants. The concentration of mineral nutrients in flue-cured tobacco is mainly related to the processes of absorption, transportation and accumulation. The interaction between nutrients is also present in these processes. Most of the interactions between cations and cations, anions and anions occur at the membrane level and therefore have competitive properties. The interaction between cations and anions exists not only at the membrane level but also at the cellular level. Excessive occurrence of a cation can often reduce the net absorption of other cations, and the total amount of cations in the plant tissue often remains a constant, this effect is antagonism between the cations. Therefore, the mineral nutrition of flue-cured tobacco is a complex multi-factor and multi-variable problem.
The absorption of a nutrient by flue-cured tobacco is affected by the relative amount of nutrient elements and other mineral nutrient elements. Tobacco plants can directly absorb ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and small amounts of amido nitrogen (such as urea) from the soil. When pure nitrate nitrogen is used as the nitrogen source, tobacco can fully absorb and develop normally. As the application of nitrate nitrogen absorbs more potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions, it also promotes the absorption of nitrate nitrogen. When ammonium nitrogen is used as the nitrogen source, the absorption of chloride ions can be promoted, and the chloride ions can suppress the The absorption of nitrate nitrogen will reduce the absorption of potassium, calcium, and other cations, and will easily lead to symptoms of potassium deficiency. If ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are used together as a nitrogen source, the growth period can be very good at any time. Absorption and utilization, normal development. In the supply of NH4+-N tobacco plants, the 42K root-to-leaf transfer was slower than the supply of NO3--N. NH4+ inhibited the accumulation of ions at the top of the tobacco plant, which may be due to the impact on the transport mechanism.
In the production practice, the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer can increase the absorption of phosphorus by tobacco plants. Regardless of the low phosphorus application level or the high phosphorus application level, the application of increased nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the phosphorus content in various parts of the tobacco plant body. Hydroponics experiments showed that roots grow in nutrient solutions with high nitrogen levels and then move to phosphorus-containing nutrient solutions. Phosphorus accumulated in the roots greatly exceeds the roots of low-nitrogen nutrient levels, mainly because root metabolism is more vigorous. There are more NADP and ATP in the root system that can participate in phosphorus absorption. The form of nitrogen is a major factor in the interaction with potassium, and the interaction between nitrogen and potassium may be cationic-cationic or cationic-anionic. There is a report that NH4+-N reduces the absorption of K+ by plants, and K+ can promote the assimilation of NH4+ in plants and reduce the toxicity of ammonia. It can be seen that the relationship between the two is very complicated. Some scholars have found that at low potassium levels, potassium in tobacco roots decreases slightly with increasing nitrogen application rates, while potassium levels in upper, middle, and lower tobacco leaves increase significantly, with an increase of 53%. 42% and 17%; Under the high potassium application rate, increasing the nitrogen application rate resulted in a significant increase in the potassium content of tobacco leaves and tobacco roots. Therefore, in the production practice, when the nitrogen application rate is increased, in order to maintain a higher yield and better quality, it is necessary to greatly increase the application amount of potassium.
With the increase of nitrogen application, the potassium, calcium, magnesium and other nutrient contents of flue-cured tobacco increased. The application of potash fertilizer can increase the potassium content of tobacco leaves, and it can also inhibit the content of calcium and magnesium in leaves. The concentration of mineral nutrients in tobacco changed regularly with the growing period of flue-cured tobacco, and the variation influenced by soil chemical properties in the root zone was greater than that between varieties. Phosphorus and potassium in tobacco showed significant dilution effects, and calcium and magnesium showed accumulated effects. Phosphorus and potassium existed in flue-cured tobacco. Synergistic effect, calcium has obvious antagonistic effect on phosphorus and potassium nutrition. The relative accumulation rates of P and K are synchronized with the relative growth rate of the whole plant, so the P and K contents in the plant tend to stabilize during growth. The relative accumulation rates of nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium are lower than the relative growth rate of the whole plant, and therefore the content of these nutrients during the growth of tobacco plants declines. Nitrogen application promotes plant growth, produces a dilution effect, and the root system is relatively reduced. As a result, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer application leads to increased calcium deficiency. Therefore, the lack of calcium in the plant is not only related to the content of calcium in the tissue, but also related to the ratio of the nitrogen/calcium concentration in the components. Some experiments have shown that the effect of nitrogen application on the absorption of calcium in flue-cured tobacco is also related to the application amount of phosphorus and potassium or the content of phosphorus and potassium in soil. When the levels of phosphorus and potassium are not high, the increase in nitrogen use only reduces the content of calcium in the roots, whereas the content of calcium in leaves increases. After the amount of potassium was increased, increasing the amount of nitrogen application reduced the calcium content in the root and lower leaves of tobacco, the middle leaves remained flat, and the upper leaves still increased slightly. Under the condition of high P application, the increase of nitrogen application significantly reduced the calcium content in the roots of tobacco, decreased the content of calcium in the lower leaves, slightly decreased in the middle leaves, and remained flat in the upper leaves. The results of increasing N fertilizer under both high P and K levels were consistent with the results of increasing N fertilizer under high P application rates. Some studies have pointed out that ammonium nitrogen will reduce the absorption of magnesium by plants, and this inhibitory effect is even stronger than that of potassium. This is because on the one hand, ammonium nitrogen competes directly with magnesium for absorption sites. On the other hand, the plants will release H+ at the same time as it absorbs ammonium, thus lowering the pH and further affecting magnesium absorption. According to the research, under the condition of low phosphorus application, increasing the amount of nitrogen reduces the magnesium content in the root and lower leaves, but the trend of increasing the content of magnesium in the upper leaves has little effect on the content of magnesium in the middle leaves. Under the condition of high P application amount, regardless of the application level of K, the increase of N use reduced the concentration of Mg in tobacco leaves. This may be due to the high N and P promoted the increase of tobacco plant biomass, resulting in the relative proportion of magnesium in tobacco plants. reduce.
After understanding the absorption mechanism of mineral nutrients and the interaction between nutrient elements in tobacco plants, balanced fertilization and economic fertilization can be achieved in production practice to meet the normal growth nutrient supply of tobacco plants. Significance.
The absorption of a nutrient by flue-cured tobacco is affected by the relative amount of nutrient elements and other mineral nutrient elements. Tobacco plants can directly absorb ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and small amounts of amido nitrogen (such as urea) from the soil. When pure nitrate nitrogen is used as the nitrogen source, tobacco can fully absorb and develop normally. As the application of nitrate nitrogen absorbs more potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions, it also promotes the absorption of nitrate nitrogen. When ammonium nitrogen is used as the nitrogen source, the absorption of chloride ions can be promoted, and the chloride ions can suppress the The absorption of nitrate nitrogen will reduce the absorption of potassium, calcium, and other cations, and will easily lead to symptoms of potassium deficiency. If ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are used together as a nitrogen source, the growth period can be very good at any time. Absorption and utilization, normal development. In the supply of NH4+-N tobacco plants, the 42K root-to-leaf transfer was slower than the supply of NO3--N. NH4+ inhibited the accumulation of ions at the top of the tobacco plant, which may be due to the impact on the transport mechanism.
In the production practice, the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer can increase the absorption of phosphorus by tobacco plants. Regardless of the low phosphorus application level or the high phosphorus application level, the application of increased nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the phosphorus content in various parts of the tobacco plant body. Hydroponics experiments showed that roots grow in nutrient solutions with high nitrogen levels and then move to phosphorus-containing nutrient solutions. Phosphorus accumulated in the roots greatly exceeds the roots of low-nitrogen nutrient levels, mainly because root metabolism is more vigorous. There are more NADP and ATP in the root system that can participate in phosphorus absorption. The form of nitrogen is a major factor in the interaction with potassium, and the interaction between nitrogen and potassium may be cationic-cationic or cationic-anionic. There is a report that NH4+-N reduces the absorption of K+ by plants, and K+ can promote the assimilation of NH4+ in plants and reduce the toxicity of ammonia. It can be seen that the relationship between the two is very complicated. Some scholars have found that at low potassium levels, potassium in tobacco roots decreases slightly with increasing nitrogen application rates, while potassium levels in upper, middle, and lower tobacco leaves increase significantly, with an increase of 53%. 42% and 17%; Under the high potassium application rate, increasing the nitrogen application rate resulted in a significant increase in the potassium content of tobacco leaves and tobacco roots. Therefore, in the production practice, when the nitrogen application rate is increased, in order to maintain a higher yield and better quality, it is necessary to greatly increase the application amount of potassium.
With the increase of nitrogen application, the potassium, calcium, magnesium and other nutrient contents of flue-cured tobacco increased. The application of potash fertilizer can increase the potassium content of tobacco leaves, and it can also inhibit the content of calcium and magnesium in leaves. The concentration of mineral nutrients in tobacco changed regularly with the growing period of flue-cured tobacco, and the variation influenced by soil chemical properties in the root zone was greater than that between varieties. Phosphorus and potassium in tobacco showed significant dilution effects, and calcium and magnesium showed accumulated effects. Phosphorus and potassium existed in flue-cured tobacco. Synergistic effect, calcium has obvious antagonistic effect on phosphorus and potassium nutrition. The relative accumulation rates of P and K are synchronized with the relative growth rate of the whole plant, so the P and K contents in the plant tend to stabilize during growth. The relative accumulation rates of nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium are lower than the relative growth rate of the whole plant, and therefore the content of these nutrients during the growth of tobacco plants declines. Nitrogen application promotes plant growth, produces a dilution effect, and the root system is relatively reduced. As a result, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer application leads to increased calcium deficiency. Therefore, the lack of calcium in the plant is not only related to the content of calcium in the tissue, but also related to the ratio of the nitrogen/calcium concentration in the components. Some experiments have shown that the effect of nitrogen application on the absorption of calcium in flue-cured tobacco is also related to the application amount of phosphorus and potassium or the content of phosphorus and potassium in soil. When the levels of phosphorus and potassium are not high, the increase in nitrogen use only reduces the content of calcium in the roots, whereas the content of calcium in leaves increases. After the amount of potassium was increased, increasing the amount of nitrogen application reduced the calcium content in the root and lower leaves of tobacco, the middle leaves remained flat, and the upper leaves still increased slightly. Under the condition of high P application, the increase of nitrogen application significantly reduced the calcium content in the roots of tobacco, decreased the content of calcium in the lower leaves, slightly decreased in the middle leaves, and remained flat in the upper leaves. The results of increasing N fertilizer under both high P and K levels were consistent with the results of increasing N fertilizer under high P application rates. Some studies have pointed out that ammonium nitrogen will reduce the absorption of magnesium by plants, and this inhibitory effect is even stronger than that of potassium. This is because on the one hand, ammonium nitrogen competes directly with magnesium for absorption sites. On the other hand, the plants will release H+ at the same time as it absorbs ammonium, thus lowering the pH and further affecting magnesium absorption. According to the research, under the condition of low phosphorus application, increasing the amount of nitrogen reduces the magnesium content in the root and lower leaves, but the trend of increasing the content of magnesium in the upper leaves has little effect on the content of magnesium in the middle leaves. Under the condition of high P application amount, regardless of the application level of K, the increase of N use reduced the concentration of Mg in tobacco leaves. This may be due to the high N and P promoted the increase of tobacco plant biomass, resulting in the relative proportion of magnesium in tobacco plants. reduce.
After understanding the absorption mechanism of mineral nutrients and the interaction between nutrient elements in tobacco plants, balanced fertilization and economic fertilization can be achieved in production practice to meet the normal growth nutrient supply of tobacco plants. Significance.
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