How to breed

Quail farming requires careful planning and consistent management to ensure healthy growth and high egg production. The first step is setting up an appropriate cage system. A well-constructed cage made of bamboo and wood is ideal, with dimensions of 80 cm in length, 50 cm in width, and 30 cm in height. These cages should be arranged in layers for efficient space usage. The housing should be located in a quiet, well-ventilated, sunny, and insulated area. Temperature control is essential—keeping it warm in winter and cool in summer. It's important to restrict access to other animals like dogs, cats, or chickens to avoid disturbances. The recommended stocking density is 100–150 eggs per square meter or about 60 adult quails per square meter. Water and feed troughs must be provided, along with proper lighting to enhance egg production. A balanced and nutritious diet is crucial for quail health. Feed should be varied and rich in protein, with a focus on palatability. Sudden changes in feed can lead to stress and reduced productivity. A standard feed formula includes 50% corn, 8% soybean meal, 3.7% rapeseed cake, 29% wheat bran, 6% fishmeal, 1.5% roughage, 1.5% bone meal, and 0.3% salt. Vitamins, antibiotics, and trace minerals should also be added to support overall health and immunity. Daily management involves maintaining cleanliness by regularly cleaning the cages and removing droppings at least once every two days. Equipment such as feeders and waterers should be kept clean and dry. Young quails (0–4 days old) are more sensitive and need careful handling to prevent stress. During the first 40 days, they should be gradually acclimated to the cage environment. In summer, good ventilation is necessary to prevent heat stress, while in winter, heating devices should maintain temperatures above 16°C. During the laying period, sufficient light is required, and artificial lighting can be used for 4 hours after sunset. Eggs should be collected frequently to avoid damage from trampling. Regular monitoring of temperature, humidity, and air quality is essential to reduce stress and prevent disease outbreaks. Growth and feather development should be tracked, and all data should be recorded for future reference. Breeding should occur during spring (March–May) and fall (September–November). The male-to-female ratio should be 1:4, and each female should be bred once daily. Overbreeding may lower the fertilization rate. Males are introduced into the females' cages for mating. Eggs hatch in 17 days. Newly hatched chicks require warmth, so the cage temperature should be maintained at 35–38°C for the first 1–2 days. Gradually reduce the temperature by 0.5°C daily until it reaches around 25°C. Feed them steamed egg yolk and shredded corn on the first day, then switch to a mixed feed 5–6 times a day. The feed should be moist but not too wet. Quails typically start laying eggs at 50 days old. For the second laying cycle, forced molting can be used. This involves stopping feed for 4–7 days, reducing light exposure, and allowing the birds to shed their feathers. Afterward, feeding is gradually resumed to restore productivity within 20 days. Sick or weak individuals should be removed, and water must always be available. Disease prevention is vital. Common issues include gastroenteritis, which can be treated with furazolidone or terramycin. White stork, caused by Salmonella, can be managed with similar medications. Rectal prolapse and dystocia require gentle assistance and cleaning with potassium permanganate solution. Ensuring a balanced diet and preventing overfeeding helps avoid these problems. Regular health checks and hygiene practices are key to maintaining a thriving quail farm.

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