How to breed

Quail farming can be efficiently carried out using a cage system. The cages should be constructed from bamboo and wood, with dimensions of 80 cm in length, 50 cm in width, and 30 cm in height. These cages are typically designed for multi-tiered feeding. They should be placed in a quiet, well-ventilated, sunny, and well-lit environment. Temperature control is crucial—keeping it warm in winter and cool in summer. It's important to restrict access by other animals such as dogs, cats, or chickens, as they can cause stress or harm to the quails. The recommended stocking density is about 100–150 eggs per square meter, or around 60 adult quails per square meter. Water and feed troughs should be provided, along with proper lighting to maintain high egg production rates. A balanced and nutritious diet is essential for quail health and productivity. Their feed should be rich in protein, varied, and easy to digest. Sudden changes in feed should be avoided to prevent loss of appetite and reduced productivity. A typical feed formula includes 50% corn, 8% soybean meal, 3.7% rapeseed meal, 29% wheat bran, 6% fishmeal, 1.5% roughage, 1.5% bone meal, and 0.3% salt. Additional vitamins, antibiotics, and trace elements can also be added to support growth and immunity. Daily management plays a key role in successful quail farming. Regular cleaning of the cages and removal of droppings (at least once every two days) helps maintain hygiene and prevent disease. Equipment should be cleaned and kept dry. Young quails (0–4 days old) are often restless and need careful handling during feeding and watering to avoid splashing. At 40 days old, they should be gradually introduced to cage environments to adapt. In summer, good ventilation is necessary, while in winter, heating systems should maintain temperatures above 16°C. During the laying period, sufficient light is needed, and artificial lighting can supplement natural light for up to four hours after dark. Eggs should be collected promptly to avoid damage. Regular checks on temperature, humidity, ventilation, and lighting are essential to reduce stress. Growth and feather development should be monitored, and all data should be recorded for better management. Breeding is best done during spring (March–May) and autumn (September–November). A ratio of one male to four females is ideal. Each female should be bred once a day. Over-mating can reduce fertilization rates. Males are introduced into the females' cages for mating. Eggs hatch in about 17 days. Newly hatched chicks are delicate and require warmth. The cage temperature should be maintained at 35–38°C for the first 1–2 days to help them absorb the yolk sac. Gradually reduce the temperature by 0.5°C daily until reaching around 25°C. Feed them steamed egg yolk and shredded corn on the first day, then transition to a mixed feed, offering it 5–6 times a day, including at night. The feed should be moist but not too wet, and some cold water should be available. Quails usually start laying eggs at around 50 days of age. For a second laying cycle, forced molting may be necessary. This involves stopping feed for 4–7 days, reducing light exposure, and encouraging feather loss. Afterward, feed is gradually reintroduced to restore productivity within 20 days. Sick or weak birds must be removed, and water should never be interrupted. Disease prevention is critical. Common issues include: 1. Gastroenteritis: Symptoms include diarrhea, weakness, and lethargy. Treatments include adding furazolidone or activated charcoal to the feed for three days, followed by a two-day break, and repeating if necessary. Terramycin or sulfa drugs can also be used for several days. 2. White Diarrhea: Caused by Salmonella, symptoms include white, watery feces. Treatment includes furazolidone or terramycin in feed for several days. Sodium sulfadiazine may also be effective. 3. Rectal Prolapse and Dystocia: Often due to malnutrition or early egg-laying. Prevention involves a balanced diet and avoiding obesity. If prolapse occurs, gently clean the area with potassium permanganate solution and return the tissue to its place. For dystocia, assist the bird by gently pressing the abdomen.

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