How to use compound fertilizer correctly

Compound fertilizer offers several advantages, including high nutrient content, minimal impurities, and favorable physical properties. It plays a crucial role in balanced fertilization, improving nutrient efficiency, and ensuring stable and high crop yields. However, it also has certain limitations. For instance, the nutrient ratio is fixed, while different crops and soils require varying types, amounts, and proportions of nutrients. Therefore, before applying compound fertilizer, it's essential to conduct soil testing to understand the soil’s texture and nutrient status. Additionally, attention should be given to the application rate and timing to achieve optimal results. Long-term use of compound fertilizers and their widespread application as basal fertilizer highlight that both binary and ternary formulations are typically applied at the beginning of the growing season. This is because compound fertilizers contain multiple nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with phosphorus and potassium being particularly important during the early growth stages. These nutrients should be applied as base fertilizer, not as seedling or top-dressing fertilizer, to avoid over-fertilization and potential damage to young plants. Since compound fertilizers decompose slowly, it's necessary to supplement with available nitrogen during the top-dressing phase, according to the specific needs of different crops. The concentration of compound fertilizers varies significantly, so choosing the right concentration is important. Most compound fertilizers are formulated based on the average nutrient levels of a region and the typical fertilizer requirements of crops. They come in low-, medium-, and high-concentration options. Low-concentration products usually have total nutrients between 25% and 30%, medium between 30% and 40%, and high above 40%. The choice of concentration should be based on local conditions, soil type, and crop species. High-concentration compound fertilizers are often used for cash crops due to their efficiency, low residue, and high absorption rate. However, they must be kept away from seeds and seedlings to prevent root burn or seedling damage. When sowing, it's recommended to place seeds 5 to 10 cm away from the fertilizer. Different compound fertilizers have varying ratios of raw materials, and users should pay attention to the specific nutrient content and suitability for different soil types and crops. For example, nitrate-based fertilizers should not be used on leafy vegetables or paddy fields, while ammonium-based fertilizers are unsuitable for saline-alkali soils. Potassium chloride-containing fertilizers should not be used on chlorine-sensitive crops or in saline-alkali areas, and potassium sulfate-based fertilizers are not recommended for paddy fields or acidic soils. Using the wrong type can reduce effectiveness or even harm the crops. Additionally, compound fertilizers contain two or more macronutrients. Nitrogen is prone to volatilization or leaching, while phosphorus and potassium tend to be fixed by the soil. Phosphorus, in particular, has limited mobility and is difficult for plant roots to absorb, which can hinder deep root development. During droughts, the fertilizer may not dissolve properly, leading to reduced efficiency. To maximize benefits, compound fertilizers should be deeply incorporated into the soil.

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