Rice field fermentation bed duck key technology

Key Technologies in Rice Field Fermentation Bed Duck Raising

Compared to the traditional method of raising ducks with drinking water, the Jinbao rice field fermentation bed duck technology offers multiple advantages such as labor saving, grain conservation, cost reduction on medicines and energy, which significantly lowers costs and improves economic efficiency. Ducks raised using this system can be slaughtered about a week earlier, gaining several hundred grams in weight. This is an advanced and scientific breeding model that makes efficient use of local resources. For example, rice husks from the surrounding area can be used as bedding material, greatly reducing the cost of litter. However, there are still some key challenges that affect the performance of the fermentation bed. The following points provide an overview of the main issues farmers should consider when using the fermentation bed. First, moisture-proofing and waterproofing. Since the fermentation bed is built on paddy fields, the soil tends to be damp. To prevent the bedding from absorbing moisture from the ground or rainwater from pooling, it's essential to implement proper measures. One solution is to raise the bed surface by at least 20 cm above the paddy field level using materials like soil, bricks, or pebbles. The higher the bed, the better. This helps avoid water damage, and using local soil can be more cost-effective. Additionally, deep drainage ditches should be dug—ideally over one meter deep—to ensure rapid water runoff and prevent excessive moisture from affecting the fermentation process. Second, managing duck groups based on their growth stages. Ducks at different developmental stages have varying sizes and excretion levels. Therefore, it's important to adjust stocking density accordingly. For instance, in the first 25 days, the fermentation bed can support up to 7-8 ducks per square meter. After that, as manure production increases, the load on the fermentation bed may exceed its capacity. It is recommended to use the "Golden Circle" or "ABC Circle" system: a small area (A) for the first 25 days, then expand to larger areas (B and C) afterward. This involves dividing one group into two or two into three, or replacing small enclosures with larger ones. A dedicated passage should also be set up to reduce density and manage waste effectively, ensuring the fermentation bed functions optimally over time. Third, maintaining the bedding. Proper maintenance of the bedding directly impacts the decomposition rate of the fermentation bed and its long-term performance. Regular turning of the bedding is necessary—ideally 2-3 times a week. The depth should be around 30-40 cm; if only 20 cm is turned over regularly, it becomes difficult for the manure to decompose properly. It's also important to add new bedding and microbial cultures as needed. Using too little starter culture, such as less than 1 kg per 12-15 square meters, can significantly reduce decomposition efficiency. Fourth, disinfection of the fermentation bed. Some people believe that the fermentation bed cannot be disinfected, but this is not the case. When the bed is empty, it can be safely sprayed with disinfectant without affecting its future usability. This helps maintain hygiene and ensures a healthy environment for the ducks.

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