Rice field fermentation bed duck key technology

Key Technologies for Rice Field Fermentation Bed Duck Raising

Compared to the traditional duck-rearing model, the Jinbao rice field fermentation bed duck technology offers several advantages, including labor and resource savings, reduced costs, improved economic efficiency, and the ability to slaughter ducks a week earlier with increased weight by several hundred grams. This is an advanced and scientific breeding method. The bedding material can be made from locally available rice husks, which significantly lowers the cost of litter. However, there are still some key challenges that affect the efficiency of the fermentation bed. Below are some important issues to consider for farmers using this system. First, moisture control and waterproofing are essential. Since the fermentation bed is built on paddy fields, the soil tends to be damp. To prevent the bedding from absorbing moisture from the mud or being flooded by rainwater, certain measures should be taken. One effective way is to raise the surface of the fermentation bed above the paddy field level by at least 20 cm using materials like soil, bricks, or pebbles. The higher the elevation, the better. This helps avoid water damage and ensures the longevity of the fermentation bed. Additionally, deep drainage ditches should be dug—ideally at least one meter deep—to quickly drain excess water. This practice aligns with the principle of avoiding dampness in the Jinbao fermentation bed system. Second, managing the duck population based on their growth stages is crucial. Ducks at different life stages have varying sizes and excretion levels, so the stocking density must be adjusted accordingly. For example, during the first 25 days, the fermentation bed can support about 7-8 ducks per square meter. After that, as manure production increases, the fermentation bed may struggle to break down the waste, so the density should be reduced. It's recommended to use the "Golden Circle" or "ABC Circle" system, where the first 25 days are in a small area (A), followed by larger areas (B and C) after that. This means dividing one group into two or more, or replacing small pens with larger ones. A dedicated passage should also be set up to further reduce density and improve the performance of the fermentation bed over time. Third, proper maintenance of the bedding is essential for the long-term operation of the fermentation bed. Regular turning of the litter is necessary to maintain its decomposition efficiency. Ideally, the litter should be turned 2-3 times per week, with a depth of 30-40 cm. If it's only turned 20 cm deep for a long time, the manure won't decompose effectively. Also, additional litter and microbial cultures should be added as needed. Using too little starter culture, such as less than 1 kg per 12-15 square meters, can significantly reduce decomposition efficiency and negate the cost-saving benefits. Fourth, disinfection of the fermentation bed is important. When the bed is empty, it can be disinfected normally without affecting its future use. This helps maintain a healthy environment for the ducks and ensures the system remains effective over time.

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