Through a three-year experiment and a two-year demonstration, Qianyang County in Shaanxi Province successfully implemented a simple land-protection technique known as “double film covering and priming live.†This method significantly boosted the production of thick-skinned melons, achieving high yields and profitability. The harvest season was advanced to early July, with morning temperatures about 20 days earlier than usual. The sugar content of the fruit increased from 14.3% to 16.1%, while the yield per mu rose from 2,830 kg to 4,380 kg, and the output value jumped from 2,745 yuan to 4,248 yuan—a 54.8% increase.
First, selecting the right varieties is crucial. Early or mid-early maturing types with strong disease resistance, good storability, and high yield are preferred. Varieties like "Pan Xue 6," "Zheng Tian 1," "Marshal," "Xian Yuan," and "Silver Xiang" have shown excellent performance, quality, and yield. Seed rates vary: 100–150 grams per acre for small seeds and 150–200 grams for large seeds.
Next, land selection and fertilization are key. Choose high ground that is sunny, leeward, well-drained, and has deep, fertile sandy loam soil that hasn’t been used for melons in recent years. Fertilization per mu includes 3,500–5,000 kg of high-quality livestock manure, 50–75 kg of mature oil residue fertilizer, and 75–100 kg of vegetation ash. A balanced formula includes 25–30 kg of urea, 35–50 kg of superphosphate, 25–30 kg of potassium sulfate, and 0.2 kg of zinc sulfate, borax, and magnesium sulfate.
Ridging specifications require a ridge distance of 2 meters, a width of 1 meter, with a central furrow 20–25 cm wide and 8–10 cm high. Fertilization involves digging trenches 70–80 cm wide and 30–35 cm deep, applying ash at the bottom, then mixing in compost and fertilizer. Insecticides such as 50% ground fungus powder (0.15–0.2 kg per mu) are used for sterilization before filling and mixing the soil evenly.
Plastic film is applied after herbicide spraying, covering the ridges with 1.2–1.4 m wide agricultural film, tightly sealed to retain moisture and raise temperature, promoting seedling growth. Each acre requires 3.5–4 kg of plastic film.
Seed treatment includes dry heat at 70°C for 72 hours, followed by disinfection using 50% carbendazim wettable powder diluted 500 times for one hour. Soaking seeds in 52–55°C water for 6–8 hours, then placing them on damp cloth at 28–30°C for 24–36 hours until germination.
Sowing occurs between late March and early April when the 5 cm soil temperature stabilizes above 12°C. Double-row planting is done on ridges spaced 50–60 cm apart, with 1,100–1,300 plants per acre. Holes are dug, filled with 0.2–0.3% trichlorfon solution, and two germinated seeds planted per hole.
Arch sheds are installed with 200–250 bamboo poles and 6–7 grams of plastic film per acre. Temperature management involves ventilation during hot days, maintaining 25–30°C during the day and sealing vents when temperatures drop below 20°C in the afternoon.
Pruning involves double-vine techniques, leaving 4 leaves on the main vine and 2 strong side vines. Fertilizer application starts after the first female flower opens, using 20–25 kg of compound fertilizer per acre. Foliar sprays with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and trace elements are applied every 7 days.
Fruit thinning ensures 2–3 fruits per plant, with the best timing being the 5th–6th node on the main vine. Proper watering under the film is critical, with irrigation limited during flowering and after fruit enlargement to enhance sweetness.
Harvesting takes place when fruits are ripe, typically in the morning or evening. Picking should be done carefully, preserving the fruit stem and leaf to maintain freshness and marketability.
Pest control measures include using 80% Dasheng M-45 WP for downy mildew, 27% high-fat film emulsion for powdery mildew, and proper sanitation for virus diseases. For earthworms and beetles, foliar sprays of trichlorfon and manual capture are effective. Locusts can be controlled with matrine solutions. All these practices contribute to a successful and sustainable melon cultivation system.
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