How to reduce the cost of fruit cultivation

To improve the efficiency of fruit tree planting, it is essential to boost income through higher yields, better quality, and improved packaging. At the same time, it's crucial to optimize the allocation of production resources in orchards to cut costs without compromising yield or quality. The main strategies include: First, simplifying the tree structure to reduce pruning labor. Traditionally, apple trees were often trained into a sparse-layered shape, which required complex and time-consuming pruning that many farmers found difficult to manage. However, with the adoption of dwarf planting systems, tree structures such as the slender spindle and improved free-spur shape have become much simpler. Pruning now involves only selective trimming and branch thinning, eliminating the need for short cuts. This significantly reduces the workload and makes the process more accessible to growers. Second, enhancing pest control methods to minimize pesticide use. For example, using various trapping agents by hanging them on trees and adding a small amount of insecticide can effectively attract and kill pests. Building a healthy orchard ecosystem helps maintain a balanced biological community, which naturally controls pest and disease outbreaks. Monitoring pest and disease levels allows for targeted interventions, avoiding unnecessary spraying. Additionally, implementing scientific cultivation practices, breeding resistant varieties, and using genetic technologies can enhance the trees' natural resistance, reducing or even replacing chemical sprays. This not only saves on pesticides and machinery but also lowers labor costs. Third, promoting grass cover in orchards and adopting no-till soil management. Grass cultivation has been widely used in developed countries for over 50 years, with a penetration rate exceeding 90%. White clover is currently the dominant species, as it quickly increases soil organic matter and improves fertility. After planting, it fixes nitrogen equivalent to 23–30 kg of urea annually, meeting most of the nitrogen needs of fruit trees. This reduces both fertilizer and labor costs while eliminating the need for frequent tilling. White clover also serves as a valuable source of nectar for bees, improving pollination and fruit set, and provides high-quality feed for livestock, boosting overall profitability. Moreover, it helps improve saline and alkaline soils and can degrade certain harmful substances in the soil, protecting the fruit trees from damage.

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