Pay attention to crops

Hybrid vegetables are typically not suitable for seed saving due to their genetic instability. Most hybrid vegetable seeds used in modern agriculture are produced through controlled crosses between two genetically distinct parent plants. This process often results in offspring that exhibit superior traits compared to the parents, a phenomenon known as heterosis. Examples include cabbage, cauliflower, onion, pepper, cucumber, radish, watermelon, carrot, tomato, and eggplant. The use of hybrid seeds offers significant benefits such as higher yields, improved quality, and earlier maturity, making them highly valuable in agricultural production. However, these advantages do not persist beyond the first generation. In the second generation (F2), genetic segregation begins, leading to inconsistent growth patterns, reduced vigor, and lower yields. As a result, hybrid vegetables cannot be reliably saved for future planting and must be replanted each season. Similarly, rice treated with ripening hormones like ethephon should not be used as seed. Some farmers apply plant growth regulators, such as "90%" or ethephon, to accelerate maturation and harvesting, especially in regions where early sowing is common. While ethephon does not appear to affect the germination rate of rice seeds, its long-term effects on genetic stability remain unclear. In hybrid rice seed production, the use of certain hormones has been found to negatively impact seed viability. Therefore, it's advisable to avoid using rice that has been treated with ethephon for seed purposes to prevent potential losses. In the case of hybrid cotton, the Hunan region once used F2 seeds during shortages, but this practice is no longer recommended. With advancements in seed production techniques, high-quality F1 hybrid seeds are now more readily available. Cotton is a cross-pollinated crop, with an outcrossing rate ranging from 7% to 9%. As a result, F2 seeds tend to show lower yield and weaker disease resistance compared to F1 seeds. It’s best to avoid using F2 seeds today. Additionally, conventional cotton varieties, unripe peaches, and cotton treated with ethephon should not be used as seed. Damaged or improperly stored cotton seeds, especially those mixed with chemicals or kept too long, also lose viability. Farmers who fail to update their cotton varieties over time may end up with low-quality seeds that significantly reduce yield and quality. Continued use of outdated varieties can lead to serious production declines.

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