Cultivation techniques of double-film early maturing pumpkin

Western squash is a hybrid of Indian and Chinese squash, known for its high calorie content and rich vitamin C levels. It also contains twice as much vitamin E as Chinese squash. The flesh is sweet, and the fruit is highly resistant to storage and transportation. It can be stored for up to four months in cold storage at 7–10°C. In recent years, farmers have started using small greenhouses with plastic film covers to grow small pumpkins, allowing them to bring the harvest to market as early as late May or early June—two months ahead of the usual season. This early availability increases market value significantly. The yield per mu (approximately 667 square meters) ranges from 2,000 to 3,000 kilograms, with an income of 6,000 to 8,000 yuan per mu. Here are the detailed cultivation techniques: First, select early-maturing varieties that are cold-resistant, with flat spherical fruits weighing between 1.5 to 2 kg. These should have a sweet, dense flesh and strong market appeal. Popular choices include Dongsheng, Changshou, Chestnut Crystal, and Chestnut. Second, prepare strong seedlings. From late February to early March, seeds are sown in a greenhouse. Before planting, soak the seeds in warm water (40–50°C) for two hours, then wrap them in a damp cloth and keep them at 25–30°C for 36–48 hours until they sprout. Sow each seed in a 1.5 cm layer of nutrient-rich soil, cover with plastic film, and maintain a temperature of 25–30°C during the day and 15–18°C at night. After the first true leaves appear, gently remove the topsoil and fill in dry fine soil to maintain a daytime temperature of 20–25°C and nighttime of 13–15°C. Every 5–7 days, apply a 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution using a watering can. Seedlings should be ready for transplanting after 30–35 days, with 3–4 true leaves and no legginess. Third, apply a base fertilizer before planting. In early March, mix 2,000 kg of composted manure, 1,000–1,500 kg of chicken manure, 50–100 kg of cake fertilizer, 30–40 kg of 45% compound fertilizer, and 10–15 kg of potassium sulfate into the soil. Create raised beds 2.5 meters wide and 20 cm high. Spray 50–100 kg of Dole herbicide mixed with water to control weeds. Cover the ridges with 80–100 cm of plastic film, and build a 1.3–1.5-meter arch structure using bamboo or thin green poles. Cover with non-dripping film and seal the shed to raise the temperature. Fourth, transplant the seedlings at the end of March or early April on sunny days. Plant one plant per hole, with 45–50 cm spacing between plants and 90 cm between rows. Two rows per bed, with 50 cm between them. A total of 1,000 plants per mu can be planted. In the empty spaces, crops like cabbage or leeks can be grown. Fifth, manage the field carefully. After planting, maintain a temperature of 20–30°C during the day and 15–18°C at night. If there's a cold snap, cover the greenhouse with 1–2 layers of shade netting at night. During flowering and fruiting, ensure proper ventilation on sunny days, keeping the temperature around 25–27°C during the day and 16–18°C at night. Once the outside temperature stabilizes above 15°C in late May, remove the greenhouse. Sixth, manage the vines by pruning to either single or double vines based on density and growth. Spread the vines evenly to avoid shading and encourage root development. Seventh, perform artificial pollination during the morning when female flowers open. Collect male flowers and place them directly on the female ones. Eighth, manage fertilization. After planting, apply diluted manure 1–2 times to promote growth. After the first female flower sets, add 10 kg of urea to 1,000 kg of livestock manure. When the first fruit begins to swell, apply 15 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, 50 cm away from the fruit to promote growth. After harvesting the first batch, apply 15–20 kg of urea and 100 kg of cooked cake fertilizer per mu to support the second and third batches, while keeping the soil moist to prevent premature aging. Ninth, manage diseases and pests. Common issues include viral disease, powdery mildew, and leaf spot. Control viruses by managing aphids and applying 20 g of probiotics and 40 mg of virus inhibitor per 40 liters of water. For powdery mildew, use a 1,500-fold solution of triadimefon. For leaf spot, apply a 500-fold solution of chlorothalonil. Tenth, harvest when the fruit has fully matured, with yellow flesh and a weight of about 1.5 kg. Harvest on a sunny day, cutting the stem 4–5 cm above the fruit. Also, tender fruits can be harvested within 15 days after flowering for consumption.

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