Do not forget to go to the apple tree

Topping out refers to the process of removing the tender tips of new shoots on fruit trees to reduce apical dominance. In practice, it has been observed that apple tree shoots often regrow quickly after being topped, sometimes within just a few days. This is especially true for red branches in Red Fuji varieties, which tend to grow vigorously and require multiple rounds of pruning. The main reason behind this phenomenon is that gibberellins present in young leaves are transported upward after the shoot tip is removed, promoting continued growth at the top. However, research has shown that removing a few leaves after topping can effectively weaken apical dominance. When done properly, this technique helps redistribute organic nutrients from the top to the buds on the sides, encouraging flower formation. Therefore, careful attention must be paid to several key points during the process: First, for strong and vigorous branches, in addition to using support stakes or bud girdling, when they reach 10 centimeters in length, the tip should be cut back to the leaves. This helps control their growth and promotes lateral development. Second, weak or poorly developed branch buds often produce thin, weak shoots. If these are not pruned in time, they can grow into large branches exceeding 50 cm in length, which is not desirable for fruit production. Third, when topping, if the shoot is less than 15 cm in diameter, leave 3–5 leaves at the tip. For branches longer than 15 cm, transfer 5–6 buds to the side, and leave 3–5 leaves with their petioles intact. When new shoots emerge from the base of a branch and start drooping, they should be cut back to the leaves and secured with a rope to maintain proper orientation. Fourth, after topping, it's essential to provide adequate nutrition to support the tree’s recovery and encourage healthy growth. Fifth, timing is crucial. Leaf removal should be done before each physiological dormancy period to maximize effectiveness. Lastly, when removing leaves, always take care to leave the petiole intact. Be especially cautious with thick or weak shoots, and avoid making hasty or unnecessary cuts. Pruning should be done thoughtfully and with a clear purpose in mind.

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