Microwave Chinese medicine extraction and extraction technology
The extraction of traditional Chinese medicine is to extract the active ingredients from the medicinal materials (animals and plants) to prepare a preparation for internal administration, injection and external use. The ingredients contained in the medicinal materials are very complex, depending on the pharmacological action and the compositional properties: active ingredients, auxiliary ingredients, ineffective ingredients and tissue substances. The purpose of extraction and separation is to maximize the active ingredients and auxiliary ingredients, and to minimize the possibility of using the minimum dose of the ineffective ingredients, harmful ingredients and tissue substances to achieve the highest therapeutic effect.
With the repeated occurrence of toxic side effects, drug resistance and allergies, Western medicine has become popular, and people have also strengthened the research and development of natural medicine production processes, trying to change the traditional methods to achieve the best results. The extraction, separation and purification of traditional Chinese medicine and drying technology have become the hotspots of research. In addition to the traditional Soxhlet extraction, such as dynamic extraction, extraction and concentration combined units, ultrasonic, supercritical, microwave and Other technologies are The production process of Chinese medicine extraction.
In the concentrated separation technology, in addition to changing the past single-effect evaporation to double-effect, three-effect concentration to reduce steam consumption, while retaining more active ingredients, the membrane separation technology is now applied to the concentrated separation of the extract. The process is carried out at room temperature, not only to achieve more obvious energy-saving effect, but also to retain the heat-sensitive active ingredient to the utmost extent, and to increase the content and purity of the drug. In solid-state preparations, changing the atmospheric pressure of traditional application in production, vacuum box drying process, spray drying, freeze drying and microwave drying are applied in production, which not only improves the automation level, but also achieves the goal of GMP to prevent pollution and cross infection. In particular, it prevents the microbial contamination from highlighting its superiority, and at the same time, CIP and SIP can be realized, which has made a breakthrough in product quality. This section focuses on the extraction of traditional Chinese medicines, especially microwave assisted applications.
Principle of Chinese medicine extraction: Most of the active ingredients of the medicinal material are from the vacuole in the cell protoplast, and become the leaching solution after the solvent enters the cell tissue to dissolve its active ingredient. The leaching process of the medicinal materials is in four stages of infiltration, dissolution, diffusion and replacement. When the medicinal material particles are mixed with the leaching solvent, the leaching solvent first adheres to the surface of the granules to be wetted, and then enters the cells through the capillary and the intercellular space. After the solvent enters the cell, the soluble component gradually dissolves, and the gelatinous substance is transferred into the solution due to the peptization, and the solvent is dissolved to dissolve the active ingredient to form a concentrated solution, which has a high osmotic pressure. It is the key to the leaching process to replace the concentrated leaching solution around the granules with the leachate or dilute leaching solution.
Factors influencing the extraction: The active ingredient of the medicinal material should be selected according to its nature. The water-soluble component should be extracted with water, while the drug containing the fat-soluble component should be extracted with alcohol. The application of the solvent is related to the leaching rate of the active ingredient. , the effectiveness of the preparation. Safety. Stability and economy.
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