Mushroom outdoor high-yielding cultivation techniques

The straw mushroom, also known as the orchid mushroom, is a highly nutritious and flavorful delicacy. It is known for its ability to help lower blood pressure and may contribute to cancer prevention. Cultivating straw mushrooms is an efficient and cost-effective method, as it primarily uses straw as the main raw material and requires minimal equipment. Being a high-temperature mushroom, it has a short growth cycle, making it an ideal choice for quick production with low costs. For optimal cultivation, choose a site that is soft, well-drained, and rich in organic matter. The soil should be prepared at least a week before planting, and after turning the soil, let it rest for 1–2 days. The surface of the clods should be broken and whitened, forming wide furrows. The plot should be level or shaped like a turtle’s back, with the center raised by 20–25 cm and sloping gradually toward the edges. This helps prevent subsidence after watering. The plots should be spaced about 60 cm apart for easy management. Dig small ditches between the plots and a deeper drain around the field. After preparing the area, moisten the soil and treat it with lime or bleach to eliminate pests and bacteria. When preparing the straw for cultivation, ensure it is fresh, dry, and free from mold. Cut the straw into pieces, and tie each bundle to form a "torch" shape, securing it near the top. Soak the bundles in water for 9–12 hours to fully hydrate them. For every 100 kg of straw or rice bran, add 3 kg of culture medium. To plant the mushrooms, first sprinkle a 5 cm-wide ring of culture around the base. Place the soaked straw outward, arranging it closely so that it touches the culture ring. Spread a layer of rice bran evenly over the grass. After the first layer, indent the surface by 3–4 cm inward and place a circular layer of mycelium along the edge. The second layer should be placed similarly, with each layer being watered and compacted. Generally, four layers are stacked. Cover the top of the pile with additional straw, using 100–200 kg per pile, and add 5–6 bottles of spawn per 100 kg of straw. After planting, the grass pile needs to be compacted gently to promote mycelium growth. For the first 3–4 days, trample the pile every morning to make it tighter, which helps retain heat and moisture. Monitor the temperature closely—keep it between 30°C and 40°C. If it becomes too hot, lift the pile to ventilate; if too cold, expose it to sunlight during the day and cover it at night with straw or plastic to insulate. Maintain a moisture level of around 65% by misting the pile in the morning, afternoon, and evening, starting four days after planting. Before fruiting, open the pile daily for ventilation to remove sulfur dioxide and allow fresh air in. Straw mushrooms typically begin to fruit 7–10 days after planting. Initially, the fruiting bodies appear gray, resembling rapeseed grains, and grow to the size of eggs within 3–4 days. They become full and smooth. Harvest them promptly when they reach this stage, as delayed harvesting can cause the caps to break and stick, reducing quality. Harvest once in the morning and once at night, as the mushrooms grow quickly. You can expect 4–5 harvests. Once harvested, process them immediately to prevent the caps from opening. To prepare them, remove any impurities at the base, sort them, and follow your desired processing instructions.

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