Postpartum Care of Kiwifruit Fruit Trees

Xixia County, located in the western part of the Nanyang Basin in southern Henan Province, is known for its favorable conditions for kiwifruit cultivation. With a total area of 5.18 million mu and a forest coverage rate of 76.8%, the region enjoys abundant sunlight, sufficient rainfall, and distinct seasons—making it one of the most suitable areas for growing high-quality kiwifruit. Historically, local farmers focused heavily on fruiting management while neglecting the care of fruit trees after harvest, which affected tree growth and productivity. Proper post-harvest management is essential to ensure healthy growth and optimal yield in the following season. After harvesting, kiwifruit trees are in a weakened state and require proper nutrition to recover. Most of the nutrients needed for next year’s growth, including budding, leaf development, branching, flowering, and fruit setting, come from the reserves stored in the tree. Therefore, effective post-harvest management is crucial. Based on practical experience in Xixia County, the following measures are recommended: 1. **Enhance Water and Fertilizer Management** - **Soil Fertilization**: Immediately after harvest, loosen the soil to a depth of 5–10 cm. For deeper plowing before leaf fall, dig 30–40 cm deep. Apply quick-release fertilizer, such as 0.5 kg of urea per tree, followed by watering. Before winter, apply base fertilizer using well-rotted manure mixed with a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. If waterlogging occurs during the rainy season, drain it promptly. - **Foliar Spraying**: After harvest, spray paclobutrazol at 500 mg/L once or twice, combined with 0.3% urea or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. - **Winter Irrigation**: Before the ground freezes, water the trees thoroughly to help them survive the winter. The amount of water should depend on drought levels and tree age. 2. **Pest and Disease Control** Prune and remove diseased branches, clean the orchard, scrape bark cracks, remove eggs, paint trunks white, and turn the soil in winter. These practices help eliminate disease sources and reduce pest infestations. 3. **Pruning** - **Timing**: Prune 10 days after leaf fall and 20 days before frost. In Xixia, this is usually between November 20 and December 20. - **Newly Planted Trees**: Cut back to 3–4 strong buds above the graft site before heavy snowfall. - **One-Year-Old Trees**: Shorten the strongest shoot, leaving only one main trunk and removing other shoots from the base. - **Trees 3–4 Years Old**: Select short shoots from the main bud and space side vines 30–40 cm apart, evenly distributed along the main vine. - **First Fruit-Bearing Trees (3–4 Years Old)**: Focus on developing a strong crown structure, promoting long branches, and controlling fruit load to enter the fruiting stage quickly. Only remove weak, dry, or damaged branches. - **Mature Trees**: Update old fruit-bearing branches, select productive ones, control bud numbers, and maintain vigorous growth to avoid large and small fruit years. 4. **Branch Bundling** After winter pruning, tie branches and twigs before the Spring Festival. This helps maximize sunlight exposure, protect against wind damage, and prevent twisting. Use the “8” shape method on wire to align trunks, main vines, and fruiting twigs according to shaping standards, ensuring an open canopy for better light penetration.

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