Prevention of three major diseases of soybean

Soybean crops are vulnerable to several serious diseases, including root rot, sclerotinia, and gray spot disease. Timely prevention and control measures are essential to minimize yield losses and ensure healthy plant growth throughout the growing season. Root rot can occur at any stage of soybean development. Early symptoms include dark brown lesions at the base of the stem, which gradually spread upward toward the lower branches. The inner stem tissue turns brown, while the petioles at the base shrink, causing leaves to droop. To manage this disease, seeds can be treated with 0.3% to 0.4% of a 58% thiram-MnZn formulation or 72% Kelu seed coating before planting. Sclerotinia typically appears in late July. Initially, brown spots develop on the stems, followed by white moldy growth and granules. As the infection progresses, these white particles turn black, and dark sclerotia form inside the stalks. Effective chemical treatments include spraying 50% SulfoMax diluted 1000 times, 40% Sclerot® Net diluted 1000 times, or 50% Thiophanate at a 500-fold dilution. Gray spot disease usually starts in mid-June and becomes more severe in July. High temperatures and frequent rain during July and August contribute to heavy disease outbreaks. The primary damage occurs when leaves become heavily infected, leading to premature defoliation and significant yield reductions. In addition to seed treatment with 0.3% of 70% dikecan or 50% dimethoate, farmers should apply 40% carbendazim at a rate of 100 grams per acre mixed with 30 kg of water during the flowering stage of the crop. Proper monitoring and timely application of these control measures can greatly reduce the impact of these diseases on soybean yields. It is important to follow recommended guidelines and adjust practices based on local weather conditions and disease pressure.

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