Royal Chicken Feeding Management

Royal Chicken, also known as the Lady Chicken or Royal Pheasant, is a small and unique breed native to the United Kingdom. These birds are characterized by their compact size, striking appearance, and vibrant plumage that resembles a phoenix crown, with blue and white speckled feathers. Their elegant look, tender meat, and high nutritional value make them a low-fat, high-protein poultry option that has gained popularity among both farmers and consumers. In this article, we will explore the living habits, incubation methods, and breeding techniques of the Royal Chicken. **1. Living Habits** Royal Chickens are highly adaptable and resilient, capable of thriving in various climates. They have a strong cold tolerance and are not picky eaters, which helps them grow quickly. These birds are gentle, social, and comfortable around people, often approaching humans for food. They enjoy basking in the sun and have limited flying ability. Their playful nature makes them easy to interact with, and they can be trained to come when called. **2. Egg Production and Incubation** A mature Royal Chicken lays between 120 to 160 eggs per year, with each egg weighing approximately 40 grams. The eggs are white and have a strong odor. The fertilization rate is typically around 90%, though it may decrease slightly during winter. Due to their weak brooding instinct, artificial incubation is commonly used for large-scale breeding. The incubation period lasts 21 days, and several key steps must be followed to ensure a high hatch rate. **2.1 Disinfection of Eggs** Eggs should be stored at room temperature (13–15°C) for up to 5–7 days before incubation. Before placing them in the incubator, they should be soaked in a 0.02% potassium permanganate solution for 2 minutes to reduce contamination risk. **2.2 Temperature and Humidity Control** During the first 18 days, the incubation temperature should be maintained at 37.8–38.0°C in spring and 37.5°C in summer. On day 19, the temperature should be lowered to 37.0°C. Humidity levels should be kept at 60% for the first 18 days and increased to 70% from day 19 to 21. Water trays, wet towels, or warm water sprays can help maintain humidity. **2.3 Egg Turning and Embryo Monitoring** Eggs should be turned every 2–3 hours for the first 18 days. On days 5–7, any dead embryos should be removed. On day 19, the eggs are transferred to the hatcher, and turning stops. Hatching usually takes 21 days. If needed, an artificial hatch can be assisted gently by peeling the shell carefully. **3. Brooding Management** Modern Royal Chicken farming typically uses open-style chicken houses with all-in-all-out systems and ground litter. Proper hygiene and temperature control are essential for successful brooding. **3.1 Cleanliness and Disinfection** Before brooding, the house should be thoroughly cleaned, washed with water, and disinfected using lime or caustic soda. Equipment like feeders and drinkers should be soaked in a benzalkonium chloride solution and dried. Litter must be dry and disinfected with an 84 disinfectant solution before use. **3.2 Temperature Regulation** The ideal temperature for the first two days is 32°C, decreasing by 1°C every two days. By day 21–30, the temperature should be maintained at 22°C. Heating devices such as stoves or hot plates are necessary to prevent chilling. **3.3 Humidity and Ventilation** Humidity should be kept at 60–65% for the first week and reduced to 50–60% afterward. Good ventilation is important, especially on sunny days, to maintain air quality and reduce disease risk. **3.4 Feeding and Watering** Chicks should be fed immediately after hatching. A diet rich in protein, including fishmeal and yeast powder, supports growth. Clean, warm water with added gentamycin helps prevent gastrointestinal issues. Dosages vary by age: 1000 IU/day for the first week, 2000 IU/day for the second, and 3000 IU/day for the third. **3.5 Lighting** For the first 7 days, 22 hours of light per day is recommended. From day 8 to week 5, 16 hours of light is sufficient. After that, natural daylight is preferred. **3.6 General Management** Royal Chickens grow rapidly, reaching about 30g at hatching, 100g at 15 days, and 300g at 30 days. Rearing density should gradually decrease from 60 to 30 per square meter. Regular cleaning, observation, and record-keeping are crucial for maintaining health and productivity. **3.7 Environment and Behavior** These birds are sensitive to noise and sudden changes. A calm, consistent environment helps them develop good behavior and reduces stress. Gentle handling and regular routines are essential for their well-being. **4. Breeder Management** Breeding chickens are selected at 90 and 180 days of age. Males should be active and healthy, while females need to be alert and well-proportioned. Feed should be adjusted based on age, with more protein for laying hens. Proper lighting, space, and hygiene are vital for successful breeding. **5. Disease Prevention and Treatment** Common diseases like Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, and coccidiosis require careful vaccination and treatment. Vaccines are administered at specific ages, and medications such as norfloxacin and chloramphenicol are used to prevent infections. Deworming should be done every two months to keep parasites under control. By following these practices, breeders can ensure healthy, productive Royal Chickens that thrive in both small and large-scale operations.

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