Scientific use of fertilizers to warn chemical fertilizers to become soil killers
At the 10th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th Provincial People's Congress on September 24th, the province made the "Report on Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Work" for the first time, and carried out the work of prevention and control of soil pollution by the Standing Committee of the Provincial, Municipal and County People's Congress for the first time. Linkage supervision. Because of invisibility, inability to touch, and inability to smell, soil pollution has long been easily overlooked. Agricultural production, especially the application of chemical fertilizers all the year round, is the first to bear the brunt and become the soil killer in people's eyes.
Then, will the application of chemical fertilizers harm the soil and how much harm? On October 23, the reporter interviewed the researcher of the China Soil Society, Zhang Yuting, the director of the Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Environment of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, who pointed out that the fertilizer The pollution of the soil should not be generalized. The soil conditions are different and the effects of chemical fertilizers on the soil are quite different. The relationship between chemical fertilizers and soil should be treated scientifically. At the same time, he proposed to ensure food security. Healthy soil is fundamental and calls for the care of the soil.
Long-term application of chemical fertilizers leads to soil compaction
Answer: Due to regional and soil characteristics, the alkaline soil in our province will not cause soil compaction due to the application of chemical fertilizer. Many people believe that soil compaction is caused by the application of fertilizers throughout the year. A 25-year soil test conducted by the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences showed that due to the alkaline nature of the soil in our province, soil compaction due to the application of chemical fertilizers has not been found, and soil compaction is likely to occur in areas with acidic soils.
Fertilizer is the main cause of soil pollution ? Answer: Excessive fertilization will cause certain non-point source pollution. However, as far as the current situation in our province is concerned, sewage irrigation and application of livestock and poultry manure from large-scale farms are more harmful to the soil, and excessive application of fertilizer It is more harmful to surface water and groundwater.
Researcher Zhang Yuting pointed out that water pollution caused by various reasons is currently invading the soil, and sewage irrigation is an important one. In Kaifeng, Xinxiang and other areas of our province, due to the pollution of the river itself, the water quality is not up to standard, and the water diversion will lead the pollution to the soil, causing certain harm to the soil. Long-term unreasonable and excessive application of chemical fertilizers will cause certain pollution to surface water and groundwater.
Nowadays, many farmers like to use soil and poultry manure to cultivate soil fertility. Researcher Zhang Yuting pointed out that the manure produced by farmers' domesticated livestock, also known as farmyard manure, is quite different from the livestock manure of large-scale farms.
Because large-scale farms use certain feeds, veterinary drugs, antibiotics, etc. in the breeding process, they will produce residues in the feces. After application into the soil, the elements such as copper, zinc and arsenic in the soil will exceed the standard, thus reducing soil organisms. Activity, causing certain harm to the soil, so the two should be treated differently and applied scientifically.
Application of chemical fertilizers will affect crop growth ? Answer: Application of fertilizers will promote crop growth, but excessive application will have an impact on crop quality. The various elements in the fertilizer are used to supplement the growth of the crop and do not affect the growth of the crop. On the contrary, it will be beneficial to the growth of the plant.
However, excessive application of chemical fertilizers will have a certain impact on the quality of crops. Compared with chemical fertilizers, the unreasonable application of pesticides has a great impact on crops. Not only for crop growth, but also pesticide residues, it will have a great impact on crop quality.
How should we look at the relationship between fertilizer and soil ? Answer: Scientific and rational application of chemical fertilizers can promote soil health, and the more used, the more fat, and the excessive use of fertilizer, will break the internal balance of the soil, thus reducing soil fertility.
Researcher Zhang Yuting said that the soil has physical, chemical and biological properties. He proposed that this issue should be viewed in terms of soil philosophy, the so-called soil philosophy, the "philosophy of struggle." Whether it is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter or microbial population in the soil, only when the balance is reached, the soil can be healthy, and the yield and quality of the crop can be guaranteed. Once an element is over-sized, breaking the balance inside the soil will cause damage to the soil.
For the soil, it has a certain "background", that is, the fertility of the soil itself, and the predatory use of the soil "background" will cause great harm to the soil. Scientific and rational application of chemical fertilizers will not only harm the soil, but will make the soil more and more fat. The application of chemical fertilizers first acts on the soil. The elements in the fertilizer pass through the soil before they act on the crops. Finally, the fertilizer acts on the soil microorganisms to ensure the activity and balance of the soil microorganisms.
Experts advise: to maintain soil fertility, fertilization technology is the key
Researcher Zhang Yuting reminded that since the beginning of the year, farmers have mainly focused on the benefits of chemical fertilizers for agricultural production, especially the increase in production, focusing on the types and quality of fertilizers, but little attention to fertilization techniques. Scientific and rational application of fertilizers and fertilization techniques are the key. In the process of fertilization, it is necessary to adhere to the 4R fertilization method, namely: the correct fertilizer,
The correct time, the correct application site and the correct application amount can only be achieved by allowing the fertilizer to exert its effect of increasing production and increasing efficiency without damaging the soil.
Experts call for: ensuring food security, healthy soil is fundamental
For many years, most farmers have always had a misunderstanding. The output of agriculture is inseparable from chemical fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, etc., and they are not aware of the fundamental role of soil. To ensure food security, fundamentally, we must ensure that we have healthy soil for farming. Researcher Zhang Yuting called for good treatment of the soil, attention to the soil, and care for the soil. Scientific and rational application of chemical fertilizers, combined with measures such as returning straw to the field and applying organic fertilizer to ensure soil health.
This article URL: Science uses fertilizer to warn chemical fertilizers to become soil killers
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