Technical points for controlling diseases and insect pests in wheat sowing

The sowing period of wheat is a critical time for managing pests and diseases, as effective control during this stage not only helps reduce pest populations at the seedling stage but also sets the foundation for long-term disease prevention. The main targets for control during this period include sheath blight, powdery mildew, smut, full-bleeding disease, aphids, wireworms, and other common pests. Implementing proper measures during sowing can significantly improve crop health and yield. Here are the primary strategies: **I. Agricultural Control** 1. **Seed Treatment**: - Choose high-quality, disease-resistant wheat varieties to start with a strong base. - Use seed coating agents that combine pesticides, fungicides, micro-nutrients, and plant growth regulators. These coatings offer slow release and long-lasting protection while also acting as a fertilizer. - Soak seeds in biogas slurry to enhance resistance. To do this, place seeds in a breathable, durable bag (about 15–20 kg per bag), submerge it in a biogas digester for 12 hours, then rinse and dry before sowing. 2. **Fertilization Practices**: Combine deep plowing with the application of well-decomposed organic fertilizers. In areas prone to sheath blight or full-bleeding disease, applying soil and potash fertilizers can improve soil health, support beneficial organisms, and boost the plant’s ability to resist pests and diseases. 3. **Timely Sowing**: Opt for late sowing when possible without compromising yield. This helps reduce disease incidence and limits the spread of pathogens. 4. **Weed Removal**: Regularly remove weeds, dead branches, and fallen leaves from the field. This practice reduces habitat for pests and minimizes the risk of disease outbreaks. **II. Chemical Control** 1. **Soil Treatment**: For severe cases of wheat rot and sheath blight, mix 1 kg of 50% carbendazim WP with 1 kg of 15% triadimefon WP in 100 liters of water. Apply directly to the soil surface and till deeply. For ground pests, mix 0.25–0.3 kg of 50% phoxim EC or 40% methyl parathion with 1–2 kg of fine soil to create poisoned soil. Spread evenly before plowing to ensure the pesticide is incorporated into the soil. 2. **Chemical Seed Dressing**: Based on local pest and disease conditions, select appropriate insecticides and fungicides. For stripe rust and powdery mildew, use 100g of 15% triadimefon WP or 60g of 25% triadimefon wettable powder per 50kg of seeds. For sheath blight-prone areas, apply 0.25% of the seed weight of 33% Lactobacillus wettable powder. For common pests like aphids and wireworms, use 150g of 25% propiconazole per 50kg of seeds. For underground pests, 40% methyl isofenphos at 50–5 kg per 40–50kg of seeds can be used. After mixing, let the seeds sit for 12 hours before sowing. **Important Precautions**: - Mix insecticides first, wait 3–4 hours, then add fungicides. - Avoid using triadimefon for dry dressing to prevent plant damage. - If adding nutrients, ensure compatibility with other ingredients. - Limit the use of multiple chemicals to avoid phytotoxicity. - Always follow safety procedures to protect humans and animals. By combining these agricultural and chemical methods, farmers can effectively manage wheat pests and diseases from the very beginning, ensuring healthier crops and better yields.

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