Techniques for Artificial Breeding of Freshwater Lobster Seeds
1. Broodstock Selection
Broodstock can be selected from September to October of the previous year or from March to April in the same year. The selected lobsters should weigh between 30-50 grams, have complete appendages, be healthy, disease-free, and exhibit strong activity. The male-to-female ratio should be maintained at 2:1 to 3:1. Male and female lobsters have distinct physical characteristics that make them easy to differentiate.
Male lobsters are generally larger than females when mature. They also have larger pereiopods (swimming legs) with bright red soft ticks on both sides. Female lobsters have smaller pereiopods, and most do not have these red soft ticks. Additionally, the gonopore in males is located at the base of the fifth pair of legs, while in females it is found on the third pair. Mature females have a broader abdomen compared to the narrower one in males.
2. Broodstock Cultivation
The broodstock pond should cover an area of approximately 1200 square meters, with loamy soil at the bottom and a water depth of about 1 meter. The pond should be wider than 1.5 meters, have a good and abundant water source, and include proper inlet and outlet systems. A fence should be installed to prevent escape. Before stocking, the pond should be dried and disinfected with 50-60 kg of lime per square meter for 7-10 days. After disinfection, the water should be filtered to prevent wild fish from entering, and the water depth should be maintained at around 1 meter. Organic fertilizers such as decomposed livestock and poultry manure should be applied at a rate of 500-800 kg per mu. Providing hiding places like branches, roots, bamboo tubes, and planting aquatic plants can help reduce stress in the broodstock.
The broodstock density should be around 40-60 kg per mu. Before stocking, the lobsters should be bathed in 3% saltwater for 10 minutes to eliminate pathogens. To optimize space and maintain water quality, 50-100 individuals per mu can be mixed together. During the cultivation period, feed such as fresh water grass, soybean cake, wheat bran, or compound feed should be provided, along with some animal-based food like chopped snail meat or leftover meat from livestock processing. Feeding should occur twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening, with the evening feeding accounting for 70% of the total amount. The daily feeding rate varies: 2-3% of the lobster weight in March, 4-5% in April, and 6-8% after May.
Water quality management is essential. Fresh water should be changed every 10-15 days, with one-third of the water replaced each time. Lime should be used daily at a rate of 10-25 g per square meter to maintain good water quality and support gonad development.
3. Breeding Process
During April and May, when water temperatures exceed 20°C, broodstock begin mating. Fertilized eggs develop inside the female’s abdomen and hatch into juvenile shrimp after 40 to 70 days. The young remain under maternal protection until they are ready to feed independently. When a significant number of juveniles appear in the breeding ponds, they should be harvested promptly for further shrimp cultivation.
4. Wintering of Broodstock
The lowest survival temperature for lobsters is 5°C. However, when water temperatures drop below 9°C, mortality rates increase significantly among shrimps around 3 cm in size. Although adult shrimps can survive, many may die after 2-3 months of cold exposure. Therefore, ensuring that the water temperature during winter remains between 16°C and 18°C is crucial for successful overwintering. This is a key aspect of the breeding process.
Overwintering methods for broodstock are similar to those used for Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Common techniques include using plastic film to insulate the pond, electric heaters to warm the water, hot spring water systems, factory residual heat, and glasshouse environments. These methods ensure a safe and effective overwintering environment for the broodstock.
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