Black wood fungus cultivation technology

Black fungus, or *Auricularia auricula*, has been a cherished edible and medicinal mushroom in China for centuries. Known for its delicate texture, crispness, and rich flavor, it is not only delicious but also highly nutritious, packed with protein, essential vitamins, and minerals—especially iron. In Ningguo City, Anhui Province, where black fungus cultivation has a long history, the use of eucalyptus trees has led to a unique variety that offers both a distinct taste and superior nutritional value, making it a favorite among consumers. Through years of hands-on experience and guidance from local farmers, I have developed a set of high-yield techniques for cultivating black fungus on eucalyptus logs. These methods ensure better productivity and quality while maintaining traditional practices. 1. **Strain Quality**: The ideal strain should have thick, white mycelium with even growth and no signs of contamination. After full colonization, there should be no brown pigmentation, and the logs must remain free from bacterial infection. 2. **Site Selection and Log Preparation** 2.1 **Location**: Choose a mountainous area between 300–1000 meters in elevation. The site should be open, sheltered from wind, with good water access, drainage, and easy management. Gentle slopes are preferred. 2.2 **Log Selection**: Suitable tree species include sweet gum, birch, cherry, hickory, eucalyptus, and poplar. Logs should be 8–15 cm in diameter and at least 5 cm in length. 3. **Cultivation Techniques** 3.1 **Log Preparation**: Cut trees during the dormant season, typically between heavy snow and winter solstice. This ensures maximum nutrient retention. After cutting, logs are split into 1.1–1.2 m lengths, treated with lime water, and dried for 1–1.5 m. When cross-sections show fine cracks, they are ready for inoculation. 3.2 **Inoculation**: Perform this when temperatures stabilize above 8°C, preferably on cloudy days or after rain. Drill 1.5–2 cm holes in a "well" pattern, 5–8 cm apart, and fill them with spores. Cover the holes with bark and press gently to ensure good contact. 3.3 **Stacking and Management**: Stack logs in a sunny, dry, and well-ventilated area. Sterilize the ground with lime, then stack logs in a "well" formation, 1–1.5 m high. Cover with plastic film and manage temperature and humidity carefully. Ventilate during midday and cool if temperatures exceed 28°C. 3.4 **Ear Development**: After 7–10 days, turn the logs regularly. Monitor mycelial growth, adjusting moisture and ventilation as needed. Spraying should be done sparingly, especially in rainy weather. 3.5 **Earpile Management**: Once buds appear, lift the logs and arrange them east to west for optimal light and airflow. Maintain a temperature of 20–25°C, and manage moisture using a "dry-wet" cycle. Avoid over-spraying, especially in hot weather, and allow drying periods between harvests. 4. **Harvesting**: Harvest when the ears are large and mature, avoiding high-temperature periods to prevent pests and spoilage. Dry the fungus thoroughly before storage, ensuring moisture content is below 14% for long-term preservation. These techniques, refined through practice and observation, offer an effective way to produce high-quality black fungus, preserving both tradition and innovation in cultivation.

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