Black wood fungus cultivation technology

Black fungus, known as "Hei Gu" in Chinese, has been a cherished ingredient and medicinal mushroom in China for centuries. Its texture is delicate, crisp, smooth, and tender, offering a rich and savory flavor that makes it highly sought after. It is packed with protein, vitamins, and minerals, especially iron, making it both nutritious and beneficial for health. In Ningguo City, Anhui Province, where black fungus cultivation has a long history, the variety grown on eucalyptus trees stands out for its unique taste and high nutritional value, earning widespread consumer appreciation. Through years of hands-on experience and guidance from local farmers, I have developed an effective set of techniques for cultivating high-yield black fungus on eucalyptus. 1. **Strain Quality**: The mycelium should be thick, white, and grow evenly and neatly. Once fully colonized, there should be no light brown pigments or bacterial contamination. 2. **Site and Log Selection**: - **Site Selection**: Ideal locations are mountainous areas between 300 to 1000 meters in elevation. The site should be open, sheltered from wind, with good water access, proper drainage, and easy management. - **Log Selection**: Suitable trees include sweet gum, birch, cherry, hickory, eucalyptus, and poplar. Logs should be 8–15 cm in diameter and at least 5 cm in length. 3. **Cultivation Techniques**: - **Logging Preparation**: Trees are cut during the dormant season (from heavy snow to winter solstice), when they store more nutrients. After cutting, logs are split into 1.1–1.2 m lengths, brushed with lime water, and left to dry for 1–1.5 m. When cracks appear on the cross-section, inoculation can begin. - **Inoculation**: Conducted when temperatures stabilize above 8°C, preferably on cloudy days or after rain. Holes are drilled in the logs using a 1.5–2 cm drill, spaced 5–8 cm apart. Mycelium is then filled into the holes and pressed tightly, followed by covering with bark. - **Stacking and Management**: Logs are stacked in well-ventilated areas, covered with plastic film, and monitored for temperature and humidity. Regular turning and moisture control are essential for healthy growth. - **Ear Raising**: When hyphae have spread sufficiently, ears are lifted and arranged in rows, ensuring proper spacing and light exposure. Temperature and humidity must be carefully managed to avoid overgrowth or disease. - **Watering Strategy**: Watering follows a "dry-wet-dry-wet" cycle, with adjustments based on weather and ear development. Nighttime watering is recommended in hot months to prevent overheating. 4. **Harvesting**: Black fungus should be harvested when mature, avoiding rainy days to prevent contamination. After harvesting, it should be dried thoroughly before packaging to ensure quality and longevity. Through these techniques, farmers can achieve consistent and high-quality yields, making black fungus cultivation both profitable and sustainable.

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