Cultivation Techniques of Autumn Kale Kale

(1) Cultivating Strong Seedlings: 1. Variety Selection: Choose the 'Waters' variety, which is well-suited for autumn cultivation. 2. Soil Preparation: Before sowing, apply 200 kg of well-composted and sieved organic fertilizer per plot (1.57 m²), and mix in 0.5 kg of 50% carbendazim per square meter. After thoroughly mixing the soil, fertilizer, and pesticide, ensure a uniform blend. 3. Sowing: Sow in early September. Water the seedbed with bottom water, then level it. Use 15–20 grams of seeds per square meter, and sow dry seeds at 7 grams per square meter. Each seedling bed should cover about 3 square meters, and after sowing, cover the seeds with 0.5–1 cm of fine soil. 4. Thinning Seedlings: When the seedlings have 2–3 true leaves, thin them out by spacing them 10 cm apart in a square pattern. (B) Planting: Plant in early October. Before planting, apply a base fertilizer of high-quality organic manure at 2500 kg per mu, along with 30 kg of additional organic fertilizer. Set the plant spacing to 30 x 50 cm, resulting in a density of 4500 plants per mu. (C) Post-Planting Management: 1. Water and Fertilizer Management: Water the plants 7–8 days after planting. During the early and mid-growth stages, apply NPK fertilizer at 25 kg per acre, combined with irrigation. Regularly cultivate the soil and remove weeds. Also, prune old and yellow leaves, keeping only 5–6 healthy leaves at the base. 2. Temperature Control: Maintain daytime temperatures between 15–20°C and nighttime temperatures between 5–10°C for optimal growth. (D) Pest and Disease Control: 1. Ecological Prevention: Adjust the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse to create an environment that promotes kale growth while discouraging pests and diseases. Remove old and yellow leaves from the base of the plants, leaving 5–6 healthy leaves. This improves air circulation and light penetration, supporting plant health and reducing disease risk. 2. Chemical Control: In the early stages of pest or disease occurrence, spray 75% chlorothalonil at 600 times dilution and 50% carbendazim at 500 times dilution to control anthracnose. For cabbage worms and aphids, use 21% chlorpyrifos diluted 2000 times for one application. (5) Harvesting: Kale can be harvested multiple times after transplanting. Each time, cut the leaves that are 10–15 cm long, ensuring the plant continues to grow and produce new foliage.

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