Cultivation Techniques of Autumn Kale Kale

(1) Cultivating Strong Seedlings: 1. Variety Selection: Choose the 'Waters' variety, which is well-suited for autumn cultivation. This variety is known for its resilience and high yield potential. 2. Soil Preparation: Before sowing, each plot (1.57 m²) should be treated with 200 kg of well-composted and sieved organic fertilizer. Additionally, add 0.5 kg of 50% carbendazim per square meter to prevent fungal diseases. Mix the soil, fertilizer, and fungicide thoroughly to ensure even distribution. 3. Sowing: Sow seeds in early September. After watering the seedbed thoroughly, spread 15–20 grams of seeds per square meter. Use dry seeds for better germination, and plant 7 grams per square meter for optimal spacing. Ensure that the seedlings are spaced properly, with a total of 3 square meters per acre. After sowing, cover the seeds with a thin layer of fine soil, about 0.5–1 cm deep. 4. Thinning Seedlings: When the seedlings have 2–3 true leaves, thin them out by spacing them 10 cm apart to allow adequate growth and reduce competition for nutrients. (B) Planting: Plant in early October. Before planting, apply a base fertilizer. Choose high-quality organic fertilizer at a rate of 2500 kg per mu, along with 30 kg of additional organic matter. Set the planting distance at 30×50 cm, resulting in a density of 4500 plants per mu. (C) Post-Planting Management: 1. Water and Fertilizer Management: Water the plants 7–8 days after planting. During the early and mid-growth stages, apply NPK fertilizer at a rate of 25 kg per acre, combined with irrigation. Regularly cultivate the soil and remove weeds. Prune old and yellow leaves, leaving only 5–6 healthy leaves on each plant. 2. Temperature Control: Maintain daytime temperatures between 15–20°C and nighttime temperatures between 5–10°C to support healthy growth. (D) Pest and Disease Control: 1. Ecological Prevention: Adjust the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse to create an environment favorable for kale but unfavorable for pests and diseases. Remove yellow or old leaves from the base of the plants and leave only 5–6 strong, healthy leaves. This improves air circulation and light penetration, promoting growth and reducing disease incidence. 2. Chemical Control: In the early stages of pest or disease occurrence, apply 75% chlorothalonil powder diluted at 600 times to control anthracnose, and 50% carbendazim powder diluted at 500 times for fungal protection. For cabbage worms and aphids, use 21% chlorpyrifos diluted at 2000 times for effective control. (5) Harvesting: Kale can be harvested multiple times after transplanting. Each time, cut the leaves that are approximately 10–15 cm long, ensuring the plant continues to grow and produce new foliage. Regular harvesting encourages continuous growth and increases overall yield.

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