Flue-cured tobacco sweet potato money and grain double harvest

In the village of Baishui, located in Xiaotang Town, Xinshao County, Hunan Province, farmers have adopted an innovative agricultural practice by intercropping sweet potatoes with flue-cured tobacco. This method involves planting sweet potatoes in a tobacco field for a period of 15 to 20 days, allowing both crops to coexist symbiotically. After 20 to 25 days, when the tobacco is already established, sweet potato seedlings are introduced. This extended growth period helps sweet potatoes develop under more favorable temperature and light conditions, leading to better root development. As the summer drought approaches, the sweet potato vines provide ground cover, helping to retain soil moisture and improve drought resistance. The economic benefits of this intercropping system are significant. Flue-cured tobacco typically yields between 1,500 to 2,000 yuan per unit, while sweet potatoes can produce 3.5 to 4.0 tons per acre. Compared to growing only tobacco, this system increases sweet potato production by over 500 kilograms. Additionally, the intercropping approach reduces labor costs by eliminating the need for plowing and weeding, making it a more efficient and sustainable farming method. For the sweet potato seedlings, high-quality cuttings are selected and planted between late May and early June. In the existing tobacco rows (with a spacing of 1.1 meters by 0.50–0.55 meters), sweet potatoes are planted at intervals of 17–20 cm, with three plants inserted between each pair of tobacco plants. This results in approximately 3,300 to 3,600 sweet potato plants per acre. Before planting, the soil is loosened using a steamed bun tool, and disease-free sweet potato shoots are used. To prevent diseases and promote rooting, the seedlings are soaked in a carbendazim solution (diluted 600–800 times) and a biological potash fertilizer (diluted 150–200 times) for 8–10 minutes before planting. Fertilization is carefully managed. Once all the tobacco leaves are harvested, the stems are cut and left in place, while the roots remain in the soil. After 25 days of sweet potato planting, the fields are cultivated and fertilized. Fertilizer is applied 6 cm away from the tobacco rows, distributed on both sides of the furrows. The recommended application includes 750–1,000 kg of farmyard manure, 75–100 kg of specialized sweet potato fertilizer, and 15–20 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Additional top-dressing and foliar fertilizers may be applied depending on the crop’s needs. Field management is crucial for success. Two days after planting, the sweet potato seedlings are watered to ensure survival. During the early growth stage, cultivation and weeding are carried out alongside fertilization. Due to frequent rain, the soil remains moist, which is beneficial for root development. Applying fertilizer during cultivation improves soil aeration and promotes root swelling. Before the vines begin to spread (40–50 days after planting), a solution of paclobutrazol (200–250 mg/kg in 50 kg of water) is sprayed to control above-ground growth and encourage underground development. A borax solution (100 grams per acre) is also sprayed 2–3 times to enhance nutrient transport to the roots. Farmers must also monitor and manage pests such as bacterial wilt, black spot, small beetles, and the cotton bollworm.

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