High-temperature aquaculture feed management

In high-temperature conditions, both pathogens and aquaculture species are affected, but the environment becomes less favorable for the growth and breeding of farmed aquatic organisms. When water temperatures exceed 33°C, many aquatic species experience reduced appetite and slower growth rates. This makes effective fish management in pond systems essential, especially in intensive farming setups. First, it's crucial to select high-quality feed. Avoid using spoiled or contaminated food. Instead, use fresh ingredients such as small fish and shrimp. To ensure feed hygiene, you can soak the feed in chlorine dioxide (0.3 ppm) or potassium permanganate (15 ppm) for disinfection before feeding. This helps prevent disease outbreaks and maintains a healthier environment for the aquatic life. Second, timing is key when it comes to feeding. It's best to feed twice a day. Fish and shrimp typically feed more actively at night, so dividing the feed into three or seven portions during morning and evening hours can help maximize consumption and minimize waste. During hot weather, feed spoils quickly, and daytime feeding often results in lower intake. Therefore, adjusting the feeding schedule to match their natural behavior is important. Additionally, an afternoon water intake method can be used to stimulate their appetite during the high-temperature period. Third, controlling the amount of feed is equally important. The general rule is to feed just enough so that all the food is consumed within 1–2 hours after feeding. If the food is completely eaten within one hour, it may indicate that more feed should be given. However, if nothing is eaten after two hours, it’s time to reduce the portion to avoid overfeeding, which can lead to poor water quality and wasted resources. Overall, summer water temperatures often hover around 30°C, and while fish and shrimp continue to grow at a relatively fast rate, proper feeding practices are still critical. For species like *Penaeus vannamei*, which thrive in warmer waters, 33°C is actually an optimal temperature for growth. During this period, it's important to provide sufficient feed. Before each feeding, you can enhance their appetite by stimulating them one hour prior, ensuring they are ready to eat and maximizing feed efficiency.

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