How to keep cows in breeding period

During the breeding period, which typically occurs between 12 to 24 months of age for replacement heifers, it is essential to maintain steady weight gain both 30 days before and after breeding. This helps ensure optimal estrus expression and proper preparation for pregnancy, leading to higher fertility rates. In a well-managed heifer breeding system, the timing of sexual maturity, breeding, and calving is based on the animal’s physical development rather than just their age. If the heifers are properly managed, they can successfully calve at 24 months. To achieve this goal, heifers should be bred by 15 months of age. To do so, the first breeding opportunity should occur at 12 months, and any heifers that don’t become pregnant during this time should continue to be bred for the next 90 days. Within this period, there are approximately 4.5 estrous cycles, offering multiple chances for successful breeding. It's crucial to plan mating dates well in advance. Observing and recording estrus events helps track the cycle and identify any heifers with poor estrus behavior. This allows for timely intervention, preventing delays in breeding and ensuring that heifers reach the target calving age. From the time of breeding until delivery, feeding and management must be carefully controlled. The goal is to support the healthy growth of both the fetus and the mother while minimizing excessive fat deposition in areas such as the udder and birth canal. Proper nutrition and management during this critical period help reduce calving difficulties and improve long-term productivity.

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