Key Techniques for Fruit Management in Autumn

Autumn is the nutrient reserve period of fruit trees. The key to autumn management is to maintain the assimilation function of leaves, prevent early defoliation, improve cold resistance of fruit trees, promote root growth, accelerate flower bud differentiation, and lay a good foundation for flowering results in the coming year. Therefore, in order to achieve quality and yield in the coming year, we must strengthen the management of fruit trees in the autumn.

First, the autumn pruning is invigorating at this time, light, heat and other climate conditions conducive to photosynthesis of fruit trees, a variety of fruit tree shoots grow quickly. During this period, it is not allowed to grow long branches and developmental branches. Technical measures such as short cutting, thinning, retracting branches, pressing down the branches, and “opening the skylight” should be used to create conditions for the group to ventilate and transmit light. This is to enrich Flower buds and reserve nutrition are of great significance. In the autumn, all uncapped shoots are removed from the uncovered shoots, so that the nutrients flowing into the growing points accumulate in the wooded tissues, which can promote leaf hypertrophy and enhance photosynthetic efficiency. In order to achieve fullness of shoots, full of buds. In combination with cutting hearts, all kinds of leggy branches and dense branches are cut to reduce the amount of winter cuts and nutrients and improve the nutrient storage of the tree. A "skylight" should be opened to introduce light to improve the light conditions of the lower leaves and to promote the formation and enrichment of flower buds in the lower result branches. The autumn pull branch has the characteristics of easy pulling, fast setting, slow effect, and high flowering rate. The opening angle of non-backbone branches should be the main focus, and the opening angle of the branches can be around 85, which can effectively alleviate the tree vigor and promote early results. For the opening angle of the branch with a small opening angle, the opening angle can be controlled to 40 to 50. The opening angle can be increased when the tree age is large. Pear trees can be double-pulled, using the middle leggy or long-term result branches, and the auxiliary branches, side branches, and result branch groups can be supplemented by pulling branches to fill the canopy gap.

Second, autumn Schiff base fertilizer is the peak period of fruit tree root growth, but also a critical period of nutrients accumulated by the tree, at this time the nutrients and moisture absorbed by fruit trees mostly supply the vegetative growth of the tree. Autumn basal fertilization is the largest amount of fertilization in the whole year, accounting for 70% of the annual fertilization. Autumn basal manure should be dominated by organic fertilizers, mixed with a small amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fast-acting fertilizers and calcium, boron, zinc and other trace elements. The use of livestock and poultry excrement must be treated with high temperature and fully decomposed. In places where soil miscellaneous fertilizers are scarce, high-quality compound fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers can also be used as base fertilizers. At present, the best is to use free amino acid ecological fertilizer, which can not only effectively increase fruit production, but also improve the texture of the soil and increase the permeability, thereby reducing the occurrence of fruit tree diseases, reducing the number of fight drugs, and improving fruit quality. The application time of basal fertilizer is generally from the beginning of September to the end of October, and the earlier the fertilization, the better. The amount of fertilizer is easy due to the species and age of the trees. Taking apples as an example, the result is that over 5000 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to large trees, plus 50 kg of superphosphate, 5 to 10 kg of borax, 20 to 30 kg of calcium nitrate or calcium-silicon fertilizer, or 200 to 250 kg of compound fertilizer, or amino acids. Ecological fertilizer (for fruit trees) 80 to 120 kg. After fertilization combined with deep garden soil, timely watering in order to play a fertilizer effect.

3. Foliar spraying fertilizer spraying foliage on fruit trees with weak growth or fruiting stage can effectively increase the photosynthesis of leaves and promote the accumulation of nutrients. After the fruit is harvested, 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution are sprayed once every half month. Foliar spraying can be combined with pest control. In order to ensure safe wintering of fruit trees, it is not appropriate to spray fertilizer on young fruit trees, fruit trees with poor cold resistance, and fruit trees that are prone to prolonged growth.

Fourth, the deep-fall deep fall orchard orchard in autumn, is conducive to maintaining water and fertilizer, improve the permeability of the soil and enhance the capacity of roots to absorb water and nutrients. The deep-turning method should also be noted that it is generally advisable to deepen the hole from the outside edge of the colonization pit, from inside to outside, from shallow to deep. The depth of the outermost periphery is slightly deeper than the main root system of the fruit tree. The specific depth should be determined according to different tree species. When the deep plowing, the topsoil is filled into the bottom, and in combination with the autumn fertilizer, the watering is timely.

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