Post-disaster restoration of agricultural production technical guidance
Soybean
Soybean roots are flooded, resulting in lack of oxygen in the soil, hindering the respiration of the roots of plants, so that the root nutrient absorption, root growth is inhibited; plants flooding, the photosynthetic significantly weakened or stopped, aerobic respiration for anaerobic Replacing the breath, the nutrients stored in the soybean plants are consumed in large quantities, and the plants soon die. Under the same conditions, the flooding time of soybeans was 2 to 3 days and nights. After the water receded, it could continue to grow. When the flooding increased one day, the yield reduction ranged from 10 to 20%. When the plants were flooded for more than 3 days, a large number of deaths occurred.
Grab the water in the field: For plots where the flooding time is not more than two weeks, it is necessary to fully grab the stagnant water, drain it in time, and restore the respiratory vitality of the corn roots.
Spray foliar fertilizer: For flooded plots, spray foliar preparations such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and triiodobenzoic acid in time to promptly supplement nutrients, increase plant resilience, extend leaf functional period, and ensure organic manure is normal. Synthesis and transportation to promote maturity.
Strengthen field management: Pulling out large grasses in the field will not only facilitate ventilation and light transmission, but also promote early maturation of crops and effectively reduce grassland damage in the next year.
corn
After the corn is flooded, the soil roots are deprived of oxygen and the stomata of the leaves are closed, resulting in a rapid decline in transpiration intensity and photosynthetic intensity, resulting in chlorosis, senescence, and loss of yield. The different depth of flooding and the duration of flooding had different effects on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the leaves. After light waterlogging, the physiological changes of maize were small, while the physiological changes of severely flooded corn leaves were large. Under normal circumstances, flooding for 48 hours, the water will go through once, and it will have less impact on the yield of corn. After every additional day of flooding, the output will be reduced by 5%; the flooding will severely affect the corn production for 5 weeks; For more than two weeks, corn is basically out of production.
Grab the water in the field: For plots where the flooding time is not more than two weeks, it is necessary to fully grab the stagnant water, drain it in time, and restore the respiratory vitality of the corn roots.
Spray foliar fertilizer in time: For the plots that have suffered serious delays in fertility due to locust plague, apply a high pole sprayer to spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves to make up for the lack of root nutrients and promote organic synthesis and accumulation. On the 15th day before harvest, corn dehydrator was sprayed on the three-leaf of live pole corn sticks to promote early dehydration and maturation of corn.
Strengthen field management: remove empty stalks, diseased plants, invalid spikes, and aging bottoms from corn fields, especially the aging, dead bottom leaves that have lost their function after flooding, and promptly knock out the air and light in the fields.
To carry out drying of furs: In the later stage of waxing corn, stand stalks and fur drying, promote corn dehydration, improve corn maturity and quality.
Scientific prevention of morning frost: Pay close attention to changes in the weather. Before the advent of cold air, take measures such as smoke, spray, and cover to prevent possible frost and ensure the safety of the crop. Usually at 2-3 o'clock in the morning, at the location of the uptake, fired dead branches, rice stems, weeds, etc., took on fire, artificially prevent smoke, change the local ambient temperature, and end at the warmer temperature of the second day.
Rice
When rice is flooded, the water depth is 70 centimeters more than 1 day, 35 centimeters is more than 2 days, and 30 centimeters or more is more than 3 days. 25 centimeters will exceed 5 days and 20 centimeters will exceed 7 days, which will affect the yield and quality of rice. With varying degrees of impact, the reduction in output is between 20% and 60%.
Grab field water accumulation: For over-water or flooded plots, drain early, remove alluvial material, wash the seedlings right away as early as possible, remove bad yellow leaves, and reduce crushing and rot.
Strict water management: Light, wet and dry irrigation methods are adopted. Water is stopped at the end of waxing, and it is drained at the early stage of yellow ripening. It plays the role of “rooting roots with gas and protecting leaves with roots†to ripen rice live roots and leaves. , increase production and quality.
Scientific prevention and control of pests: prevention and control of rice blast, sheath blight and other diseases and insect pests, combined application of foliar fertilizer, plant growth regulator spraying pesticides at the same time, reduce the number of field operations, reduce production input costs.
Strengthen field management: Cut grass and grass, enhance ventilation and light transmission, promote dry matter accumulation, and prevent late-maturing lust.
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