Lotus root scientific fertilization

In Putian, the amount of base fertilizer should be adjusted according to soil fertility. Typically, 1,500–2,500 kg per mu of livestock manure or compost is recommended, while green manure should be applied at 3,000–3,500 kg per mu. Applying organic fertilizers multiple times can help reduce red rust and enhance the overall quality of the crop. Sham Shui Po areas are prone to phosphorus deficiency, so in addition to organic manure, it's advisable to apply 30–40 kg of superphosphate as a base fertilizer. Lotus roots are typically harvested two to three times. The first topdressing should be done when the vertical leaves start to appear, after weeding and cultivating. Apply 750–1,000 kg of human fecal urine per acre. The second topdressing occurs when there are 5–6 leaves, with another 1,000 kg of similar fertilizer applied per acre. The third application takes place when leaf emergence stops, which is also known as the "recovery period" for the crop. At this stage, apply 1,500 kg of manure per mu, along with 30–50 kg of cake fertilizer. Fertilization should be done on sunny days, avoiding midday heat. Before applying, drain some water to allow the fertilizer to mix into the water, then refill to the original level. In Sham Shui Po fields, nutrients tend to leach easily, so liquid fertilizers should not be used directly. Instead, solid fertilizers or green manure should be applied and buried into the mud. When using chemical fertilizers, they should first be mixed with river mud to create a slurry before being spread across the field. After growing in shallow water for about five years, even for a few days, poor soil permeability may lead to insufficient availability of trace elements like copper, iron, and zinc, which are essential for earthworm growth. This issue often arises from excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers and insufficient organic matter. Such imbalances can lead to physiological diseases. These diseases usually begin in mid-May and peak between July and August. During the early stages, newly emerged leaves may show slight wilting on the water surface. The veins gradually lose their green color, and the leaf edges turn brown, eventually leading to complete wilting. To manage these diseases, several methods are recommended: 1) Rotate crops and till the land every 3–4 years, which is the most effective long-term solution. 2) Increase the use of organic fertilizers and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application. 3) At the end of April, when water levels are low, apply 1–1.5 kg of copper sulfate, 2–2.5 kg of ferrous sulfate, and 25–30 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate per 667 square meters. These practices can significantly improve soil health and prevent disease outbreaks.

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