Lotus root scientific fertilization

In Putian, the amount of base fertilizer should be adjusted according to soil fertility. Typically, 1500–2500 kg of livestock manure or compost per mu is recommended, while green manure may require 3000–3500 kg. Applying organic fertilizers multiple times can help reduce red rust on lotus roots and enhance overall quality. In areas like Sham Shui Po, where phosphorus deficiency is common, it's essential to add 30–40 kg of superphosphate as a base fertilizer along with organic materials. Lotus roots are typically harvested two to three times during their growth cycle. The first topdressing occurs when vertical leaves start to appear, following weeding and cultivation. At this stage, 750–1000 kg of human fecal urine fertilizer per acre is recommended. The second application takes place when there are 5–6 leaves, using approximately 1000 kg of the same fertilizer per acre. The third topdressing is applied at the time when leaf emergence begins to slow down. This is also known as the "recovery period," and at this point, 1500 kg of manure and 30–50 kg of cake fertilizer per mu should be added. Fertilization should be done on sunny days, avoiding the midday heat. Before applying, drain some water so that the fertilizer can dissolve and mix well before refilling the field to its original depth. In fields like Sham Shui Po, where nutrients are easily lost, liquid fertilizers should not be used directly. Instead, solid fertilizers or green manure should be applied and buried into the mud. When using chemical fertilizers, it’s best to mix them with river mud to create a slurry before spreading them in the field. After growing in shallow water for about five years, the soil often becomes compacted, making it difficult for trace elements like copper, iron, and zinc to meet the needs of the plants. This issue arises from excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers and insufficient organic matter, which can lead to various diseases. Physiological diseases usually begin in mid-May and peak between July and August, during the sorghum season. Early symptoms include slight wilting of new leaves on the water surface, followed by yellowing veins and brown edges that gradually spread across the entire leaf. To manage these issues, the following measures are recommended: 1) Practice crop rotation and plowing for 3–4 years, which is the most effective long-term solution. 2) Increase the use of organic fertilizers and limit nitrogen input. 3) At the end of April, when the water level is low, apply 1–1.5 kg of copper sulfate, 2–2.5 kg of ferrous sulfate, and 25–30 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate per 667 square meters to prevent nutrient deficiencies and improve plant resilience.

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