Polyethylene-imine polymers found or resistant to viruses at Oxford University
2021-10-14 12:26:17
Scientists at Oxford University have discovered a compound that greatly enhances the efficacy of vaccines against viruses, such as the flu, HIV, and herpes viruses in mice. The so-called vaccine "adjuvant" is a substance that can be added to a vaccine to enhance the immune response and provide better protection against infection.
Researchers at the University of Oxford, in collaboration with colleagues in Sweden and the United States, have discovered that a polymer called polyethylenimine (PEI) is an effective experimental vaccine adjuvant against HIV, flu and herpes.
The researchers were funded by the British Medical Research Council and reported their findings in the journal Nature Biotechnology.
Nasal administration of a single-dose flu vaccine including PEI to mice completely protected mice from lethal doses of influenza virus. This is a significant improvement in the efficacy of the vaccine without any other adjuvant or adjuvant.
Oxford researchers are now planning to test the effects of PEI adjuvant on ferrets. Ferret is a better animal model for studying flu. They also want to know how long this protection can last and use it in human clinical trials. It may take a year or two to get this adjuvant, the researchers said.
"Only from an immunization will get complete protection against flu, which is unheard of, even in the mouse study, Professor Quentin Sattentau of Oxford University said, "This gives us confidence that PEI may be a There are effective vaccine adjuvants against viruses such as influenza or HIV, but there are many steps that need to be performed to verify whether it can be used for humans. â€
AIDS, flu and herpes are some of the most difficult diseases to develop vaccines. HIV and flu viruses can mutate to escape immune responses stimulated by vaccines. There are currently no effective vaccines against HIV and herpes, and flu vaccines need to be produced each year, which does not fully protect everyone who injects vaccines. Finding better adjuvants can help develop more effective vaccines to prevent these diseases.
Most vaccines contain adjuvants. The main component of the vaccine, whether it is a dead or inactivated pathogen or just part of the virus or bacteria that causes the disease, can trigger the body's immune system response, but this process also requires an adjuvant to stimulate it.
Although adjuvant vaccines have been approved 100 years ago, the molecular mechanisms of adjuvants have only recently been resolved. And often due to historical reasons, only a small part of the currently used vaccines use adjuvants.
The most common adjuvant to date is alum. This aluminum-containing compound has been used globally for decades. However, alum is not the most effective adjuvant in many vaccine designs.
"It is necessary to develop new adjuvant vaccines to provide the most appropriate immune response," said Professor Sattentau.
The Oxford University team found that PEI, a standard polymer that is often used in genetic and cell biology research, has strong adjuvant activity.
When this polymer is added to a vaccine with a protein derived from AIDS, flu or herpes virus, the mouse develops a strong immune response against the virus. This immune response is more potent than other adjuvants currently being studied.
The team also found that PEI is also an effective adjuvant in rabbits, indicating that its role is not only for mice, but also versatile.
Another potential advantage of PEI is that it can be used as an adjuvant for mucosal vaccines. This vaccine enters the body through the nose or mouth and is absorbed by the mucous tissues, thus eliminating the pain of the injection. Furthermore, mucosal vaccines may be used in some ways and may be better used for mucosal tissue-related diseases (respiratory infections, respiratory diseases, HIV, and herpes genital mucosa).
Professor Sattentau thinks: "Imagine just sniffing your nose or taking a vaccine orally. You need injections and you will be protected against the flu for years. How wonderful it is."
"Although this is only an imagination, this study shows that this wish is at least possible."
Researchers at the University of Oxford, in collaboration with colleagues in Sweden and the United States, have discovered that a polymer called polyethylenimine (PEI) is an effective experimental vaccine adjuvant against HIV, flu and herpes.
The researchers were funded by the British Medical Research Council and reported their findings in the journal Nature Biotechnology.
Nasal administration of a single-dose flu vaccine including PEI to mice completely protected mice from lethal doses of influenza virus. This is a significant improvement in the efficacy of the vaccine without any other adjuvant or adjuvant.
Oxford researchers are now planning to test the effects of PEI adjuvant on ferrets. Ferret is a better animal model for studying flu. They also want to know how long this protection can last and use it in human clinical trials. It may take a year or two to get this adjuvant, the researchers said.
"Only from an immunization will get complete protection against flu, which is unheard of, even in the mouse study, Professor Quentin Sattentau of Oxford University said, "This gives us confidence that PEI may be a There are effective vaccine adjuvants against viruses such as influenza or HIV, but there are many steps that need to be performed to verify whether it can be used for humans. â€
AIDS, flu and herpes are some of the most difficult diseases to develop vaccines. HIV and flu viruses can mutate to escape immune responses stimulated by vaccines. There are currently no effective vaccines against HIV and herpes, and flu vaccines need to be produced each year, which does not fully protect everyone who injects vaccines. Finding better adjuvants can help develop more effective vaccines to prevent these diseases.
Most vaccines contain adjuvants. The main component of the vaccine, whether it is a dead or inactivated pathogen or just part of the virus or bacteria that causes the disease, can trigger the body's immune system response, but this process also requires an adjuvant to stimulate it.
Although adjuvant vaccines have been approved 100 years ago, the molecular mechanisms of adjuvants have only recently been resolved. And often due to historical reasons, only a small part of the currently used vaccines use adjuvants.
The most common adjuvant to date is alum. This aluminum-containing compound has been used globally for decades. However, alum is not the most effective adjuvant in many vaccine designs.
"It is necessary to develop new adjuvant vaccines to provide the most appropriate immune response," said Professor Sattentau.
The Oxford University team found that PEI, a standard polymer that is often used in genetic and cell biology research, has strong adjuvant activity.
When this polymer is added to a vaccine with a protein derived from AIDS, flu or herpes virus, the mouse develops a strong immune response against the virus. This immune response is more potent than other adjuvants currently being studied.
The team also found that PEI is also an effective adjuvant in rabbits, indicating that its role is not only for mice, but also versatile.
Another potential advantage of PEI is that it can be used as an adjuvant for mucosal vaccines. This vaccine enters the body through the nose or mouth and is absorbed by the mucous tissues, thus eliminating the pain of the injection. Furthermore, mucosal vaccines may be used in some ways and may be better used for mucosal tissue-related diseases (respiratory infections, respiratory diseases, HIV, and herpes genital mucosa).
Professor Sattentau thinks: "Imagine just sniffing your nose or taking a vaccine orally. You need injections and you will be protected against the flu for years. How wonderful it is."
"Although this is only an imagination, this study shows that this wish is at least possible."
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