The key to prevention and control of cardamom

Soybean meal is a recurring pest that affects cowpeas during the summer and autumn seasons. The larvae of this pest cause significant damage, making traditional insecticides like trichlorfon and chlorpyrifos less effective. In recent years, the Rugao Plant Protection Station has conducted extensive research on the damage patterns and control methods of bean larvae in cowpea fields, developing more efficient strategies to manage the infestation. Between 2006 and 2007, they demonstrated these techniques in vegetable gardens across several towns, successfully keeping the pod damage rate below 10% and achieving an over 85% control effectiveness against the pests. The newly hatched larvae primarily feed on flower buds. As they mature into the second instar, they begin to chew through the corolla at night and use silk threads to pull together the receptacles, pods, and fruit branches of the affected flowers. During hot weather, cowpea flowers open in the morning and close around 10 a.m. The normally closed flower corollas typically fall off at night, and most of the first- to second-instar larvae are carried away with them. A small portion of the larvae may remain on the dyloplopodium flowers, which are those that do not fully escape from the top of the tender pods, or on flowers entangled with filaments, continuing to feed on them. When the flowers are no longer suitable for feeding, the larvae move to nearby pods or other floral structures. If the larvae reach the third to fifth instar while still inside the closed flowers, they can cause severe damage, significantly impacting flower development and leading to premature detachment from the branches. However, some flowers remain suspended on the fruit branches, allowing the larvae to continue feeding on them. Based on the damage characteristics of the pod larvae, it's essential to focus on protecting the buds in cowpea cultivation. The "preventing flowers and protecting the locusts" strategy should be implemented, including manual removal of damaged parts and the application of flowering control agents. First, manually removing pests: every afternoon, silkworms attached to the fruit branches and corollas that have detached but still stick to the tender pods should be removed, provided it doesn't affect yield. Second, chemical control: using strong-penetrating insecticides such as 1.8% avermectin, 35% octyl pyrophosphate, or products like Anda should be applied in the morning when the flowers are open. Spraying should be done within 6 hours after rain. This treatment should begin at the start of the flowering period and be repeated every 6–7 days until the flowering season ends.

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