The key to prevention and control of cardamom

Soybean meal is a recurring pest that affects cowpeas during the summer and autumn seasons. The larvae cause significant damage, making traditional pesticides like trichlorfon and chlorpyrifos less effective. In recent years, the Rugao Plant Protection Station has conducted extensive research on the life cycle and control methods of these pests in cowpea fields, developing more efficient strategies to manage infestations. From 2006 to 2007, the application of these techniques was demonstrated in vegetable gardens across various towns, resulting in a pod damage rate below 10% and an over 85% effectiveness in protecting against locusts. The newly hatched larvae primarily feed on flower buds. As they develop into the second instar, they begin to feed at night, breaking open the corolla and using silk to pull together the receptacles, scallops, and fruit branches of the affected flowers. During hot weather, cowpea flowers typically open in the morning and close by around 10 a.m. The normally closed flower corollas usually fall off at night, and most of the first- to second-instar larvae are carried away with them. A small number of larvae may remain on the flowers that have not fully escaped from the top of the tender pods or those attached to the filaments, continuing to feed on them. When the flowers are no longer suitable for feeding, the larvae move to nearby pods or other flower parts. If the larvae reach the third to fifth instar stage while still inside the closed flowers, they can cause severe damage, affecting the development of the flowers and leading to their detachment from the branches. However, some flowers remain suspended on the fruit branches due to the filaments, allowing the larvae to continue feeding on them. Based on these damage patterns, it's essential to focus on protecting the buds during cultivation. A "preventing flowers and protecting the locusts" strategy should be implemented, which includes manually removing infested parts and applying flowering agents. First, manually removing the pests: every afternoon, without affecting yield, any silkworms found on the fruit branches or corollas that have detached but still cling to the tender pods should be removed. Second, chemical control: use insecticides with strong penetration, such as 1.8% avermectin or 35% octyl pyrophosphate, sprayed in the morning when the flowers are open. It’s important to spray within six hours after the pesticide is applied. This should be done starting from the early flowering stage, repeating every 6–7 days until the flowering period ends.

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