The landscape value and cultivation of Wuyi

Sapium sebiferum, commonly known as the Chinese tallow tree, is a deciduous tree belonging to the genus Euphorbia. It is widely appreciated in gardens for its ornamental value and its ability to provide visual interest throughout the seasons. This tree is not only aesthetically pleasing but also versatile in landscape design, making it a popular choice for urban green spaces. In urban landscapes, Sapium sebiferum can be used as a street tree, planted along roadsides, in public squares, parks, and courtyards. It is also frequently incorporated into scenic areas and forest parks, where it enhances the overall aesthetic appeal. In Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, where I reside, this tree has been extensively used in urban greening projects. For example, on Yushan Road, Wuyi and Longbai varieties are planted as street trees, with Wuyi placed on the inner side of the road and cypress on the outer side, arranged in a character-like formation. During autumn, the vibrant red leaves of the Wuyi contrast beautifully with the green cypress, creating a visually striking scene. On Jiangshan Avenue, a variety of plants including palm, crape myrtle, sweet-scented osmanthus, eucalyptus, and heather are planted in a 150-meter repeating pattern, forming a patchwork effect that adds structure and diversity to the road. The use of Sapium sebiferum in such settings plays an irreplaceable role in enhancing the urban environment. The green belts along Hengshan Road are each 22 meters wide, with naturally arranged plantings. Every 100 meters, three large Sapium sebiferum trees with trunk diameters of 10–15 cm are planted, standing tall and majestic, like a finishing touch to the landscape. In the Mudanjiang River greenery project, combinations of Sapium sebiferum with cedar, hibiscus, sweet-scented osmanthus, blue peach, and weeping willow create stunning visual effects. In Lushan Forest Park, the tree is planted on hillsides, where its autumn foliage creates a breathtaking display. Along bridges and canals, it is often used as a canopy tree, while in parks and squares, it is planted on lawns or alongside other landscape features, either in groups or as standalone specimens. Many private courtyards also use it as a shade tree or a single focal point. According to records, over 7,000 Sapium sebiferum trees were planted in Suyu District in the spring of 2006. For seedling cultivation, Sapium sebiferum is primarily propagated through sowing, while selected varieties are grafted. Due to the waxy coating on the seeds, they must be treated before sowing to improve germination. Soaking the seeds in warm water mixed with wood ash or rubbing them with edible alkali and then washing with warm water helps remove the wax. Spring sowing should take place between February and March, with a spacing of 25 cm between seeds. Approximately 7 kg per acre is recommended, and germination typically occurs within 25–30 days. Once the seedlings reach 12–15 cm in height, thinning is necessary, keeping a spacing of about 8 cm and reserving 8,000–10,000 plants per mu. At this stage, the top three leaves can be removed, and the seedlings can be transplanted. By early June, the seedlings enter a fast-growing phase, during which weeding, soil loosening, and fertilization should be done regularly. Applying fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate at a rate of 5 kg per application or using diluted human urine once or twice a month is effective. After September, nitrogenous fertilizers should be reduced, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased to prevent frost damage. One-year-old seedlings can grow up to 60–100 cm in height and have a trunk diameter of 0.7–1.2 cm. Grafting is performed using one-year-old seedlings as rootstock, selecting vigorous branches from the upper and middle parts of the tree crown. Using the cleft grafting method between February and April can achieve a survival rate of over 85%. However, because lateral branches tend to grow more vigorously than the central leader, it is important to remove lateral buds and protect the terminal buds. Proper fertilization is essential to ensure straight trunks suitable for landscaping purposes. When planting Sapium sebiferum, seedlings are usually raised in nurseries for 3–4 years until the trunk reaches a diameter of about 6 cm at a height of 1 meter. The size of the tree is crucial for achieving a good landscape effect, so smaller seedlings may not be ideal. Transplanting should be done in spring, between March and April, ideally before or after bud break, as transplanting during active growth has a lower survival rate. When moving the tree, a soil ball with a diameter of 35–50 cm should be taken. Due to poor urban soil conditions, it is advisable to plant the tree shallowly. Dig a 1m x 1m x 1m hole, clear debris, add decomposed organic fertilizer to the bottom, and fill with good soil. The planting depth should be such that the roots of the nursery-grown seedling are covered by 5–10 cm of soil. After planting, install a support frame and water thoroughly. Water again after three days, and then adjust watering frequency based on weather and soil moisture. Typically, watering every 10 days is sufficient. During dry periods, regular watering is essential to ensure healthy growth. Pest control is an important aspect of maintaining Sapium sebiferum. Common pests include the tussah moth, elm moth, and other similar insects. If infestations occur, treatments such as 20% diflubenzuron diluted 8,000 times, 0.5% fruit and vegetable net EC 600 times, Bt emulsion at 500 times, or diflubenzuron No. 3 suspension at 2,000–2,500 times can be applied. For cockroach moths, manual removal through pruning is an effective control method. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to keeping the tree healthy and visually appealing.

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