The landscape value and cultivation of Wuyi

Sapium sebiferum, commonly known as the Chinese tallow tree, is a deciduous tree belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. It is highly valued for its ornamental qualities and is often used in landscaping to create visually appealing environments. This versatile species can be integrated into gardens, public spaces, and urban landscapes, offering both aesthetic and functional benefits. In urban settings, Sapium sebiferum is frequently planted as a roadside tree, enhancing the visual appeal of roadways, plazas, parks, and courtyards. In Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, it has been widely utilized in urban greening projects. For instance, on Yushan Road, Wuyi and Longbai varieties are planted as street trees, with Wuyi on the inner side of the road and cypress on the outer side, forming a character-like arrangement. During autumn, the bright red leaves of the Wuyi variety contrast beautifully with the green cypress, creating a striking visual effect. On Jiangshan Avenue, a mix of various plants such as palm, crape myrtle, sweet-scented osmanthus, eucalyptus, and heather are arranged in a 150-meter repeating pattern, resulting in a structured and colorful landscape. The use of Sapium sebiferum in such settings highlights its irreplaceable role in urban landscaping. In addition to roadways, the tree is also planted in naturalistic arrangements along the green belts of Hengshan Road, where large specimens are spaced approximately every 100 meters, adding a majestic touch to the environment. In Mudanjiang River's greenery projects, combinations of Sapium sebiferum with cedar, hibiscus, sweet-scented osmanthus, blue peach, and weeping willow have created remarkable visual effects. In Lushan Forest Park, the tree is planted on hillsides, where its vibrant autumn foliage enhances the scenic beauty. Along canal bridges, it is used to provide shade and add visual interest. In parks, squares, and private courtyards, Sapium sebiferum is often planted as a solitary or group specimen, offering shade and aesthetic value. According to statistics, more than 7,000 specimens were planted in Suyu District in the spring of 2006, demonstrating its widespread popularity. For propagation, Sapium sebiferum is primarily grown from seeds, with certain cultivars propagated through grafting. Due to the waxy coating on the seeds, pre-treatment is necessary before sowing. Soaking seeds in warm water mixed with ash or rubbing them with edible alkali followed by washing with warm water helps remove the wax. Spring sowing typically occurs between February and March, with a spacing of 25 cm between seeds. Approximately 7 kg per acre is sown, and germination usually takes 25 to 30 days. When seedlings reach 12 to 15 cm in height, they should be thinned to maintain a spacing of about 8 cm, aiming for 8,000 to 10,000 plants per mu. Seedlings can be transplanted after selecting the top three leaves. By early June, the seedlings enter a fast-growing phase, requiring regular weeding, soil loosening, and fertilization. Applying ammonium sulfate at 5 kg per application or diluted human urine once a month is recommended. After September, nitrogenous fertilizers should be reduced, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers increased to prevent winter damage. One-year-old seedlings can grow up to 60–100 cm tall with a diameter of 0.7–1.2 cm. Grafting is performed using one-year-old seedlings as rootstocks, selecting vigorous branches from the upper and middle parts of the tree crown. Using the cleft grafting method between February and April can achieve a survival rate of over 85%. To promote straight trunks, lateral buds should be removed promptly while protecting the terminal buds and applying appropriate fertilizers. When planting, Sapium sebiferum seedlings are typically cultivated in nurseries for 3–4 years before being transplanted. A trunk diameter of about 6 cm at 1 meter height is ideal for garden use. Transplanting is best done in spring (March–April), either before or after bud break, though survival rates are higher when done before bud emergence. When transplanting, it is essential to include a soil ball with a diameter of 35–50 cm. Due to poor urban soil conditions, shallow planting is recommended. Digging a 1m x 1m x 1m hole, removing debris, and adding decomposed organic fertilizer to the bottom ensures good growth. The planting depth should cover the nursery root area by 5–10 cm. After planting, support frames should be installed, and the first watering should be done immediately. A second watering should follow after three days, with subsequent watering based on weather and soil moisture. Typically, watering every 10 days is sufficient. During dry periods, frequent watering is essential to ensure healthy growth. Pest control is crucial for maintaining the health of Sapium sebiferum. Common pests include the tussah moth, elm moth, and other similar insects. Infestations can be managed by spraying 20% diflubenzuron at 8000 times dilution, 0.5% fruit and vegetable net EC at 600 times, Bt emulsion at 500 times, or diflubenzuron No. 3 suspension at 2000–2500 times. For cockroach moths, manual removal through pruning is effective. Regular monitoring and timely intervention help maintain the tree’s health and appearance.

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