Winter wheat pre-winter management technical advice

At present, the planting of winter wheat in the north and northwest is basically over, the winter wheat planting in the north of Huanghuai is in the tailing stage, the southern Huanghuai is at the peak of sowing, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the planting of the southwestern winter wheat are in full swing. The winter wheat planted at an appropriate period from the emergence to the overwintering period is usually 50-60 days in the pre-winter period, which is the period when the vegetative organs of wheat are mainly differentiated and built. The main direction of pre-winter management is on the basis of Miaoquan and Miao uniform, promote root growth, promote weak control, raise strong seedlings, and keep seedlings safe for winter. Pre-winter management focuses on the following aspects:

(I) Water supplement irrigation to promote seedlings and feet. The suitable soil moisture for wheat emergence is 70%-80% of field water capacity. For those wheat fields that have not been watered or irrigated before seeding, and the surface moisture is poor, it is difficult to guarantee the emergence of wheat fields as soon as possible to pour in the head water, in order to promote seed germination and seedling growth, to ensure the basic seedling volume. When wheat fields are rained or covered with headwaters after sowing, they should be slashed in time to remove the compaction when it is suitable. The lyrical wheat field should avoid pouring water.

(B) seedlings to replant, promote seedlings. During the emergence of wheat, check the seedlings in a timely manner. When the seedlings are cut off and ridged, use the seed of the same variety to sow seeds as soon as possible after reseeding; or in the period of 3-4 leaf stages of wheat, transfer and replenish. When transplanting, the depth of soil covering should be controlled with “no pressure on the top and no whiteness on the bottom”. After filling the seedlings, watering is done practically, and appropriate fertilizers are provided to promote the early delivery and ensure the seedlings are fully prepared.

(C) cultivator suppression, promote seedling strong. Every time after rainfall or watering, it is necessary to protect crops timely, remove compaction, improve soil ventilation conditions, and promote root development. If the group is too large or too busy, it can be severely cut off or repressed, and the control can be prosperous. For wheat fields with extensive farming practices and high levels of litter, ground repression before freezing and crushed slag to make up for cracks can play a role in keeping warm. Pressure wheat should be carried out after noon in order to avoid frost cracking in the morning. Saline land should not be suppressed.

(D) timely winter irrigation, seedling maintenance winter. For the wheat fields with straw returning, rotary tilling, soil vacancy and lack of crops, winter irrigation must be carried out to stabilize the soil, promote the development of wheat packing and bark, and keep the seedlings safe for winter. Winter irrigation time is generally carried out when the average daily temperature is around 3°C. It is completed before freezing and the water volume per acre is usually 40 square meters.

(five) prevent and treat pests, timely weeding. The land where the harmful insects are severely affected by the underground pests is selected as a suitable drug and is made into poisonous soil. A shallow ditch is placed in the side of the root and the soil is thrown into the soil. The earth is then soiled, or the soil is applied in combination with the earthworm. Can also be used for medicine, water, Shun ridge irrigation, prevention of earthworms, wireworms and other underground pests. In the wheat 3-4 leaf stage, when the average daily temperature is above 10°C, weeds in the field are promptly controlled. For the extent of broadleaf, dicotyledonous, monocotyledonous weeds and grass weeds in different plots, herbicides should be reasonably selected, and herbicides should be strictly arranged to prevent heavy spray or missed spray.

(six) according to local conditions, classified management. Before the planting, the pods or locusts are suitable, the quality of sowing is good, and the wheat fields with normal seedlings normally do not need field management within one month after sowing, and they must go through the winter wheat tillering period and then the temperature within one month after sowing. Changes, precipitation, soil fertility, lyricism, population size, and growth of seedlings, etc., take targeted winter pre-management measures. Poor soil fertility, inadequate base fertilizer application, and wheat fields with deficiency symptoms should seize the favorable opportunity to apply fertilizer and water before winter, and timely cultivating loose soil to promote root growth. The winter wheat field with sufficient base fertilizer, normal growth, and suitable soil moisture and soil moisture is generally no longer top-dressing and watering, and only cultivating and cultivating crops. Prosperous wheat fields with good soil moisture are not topped with fertilizers before winter. For late seeding weak seedlings, in the case of sufficient bottom, should not be poured winter water, so as not to reduce the temperature, affecting the emergence of seedlings, shallow soil loosening, warming and protecting the roots, and promote root growth.

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