Lemon basil (Figure)
Ocimum basilicum, commonly known as lemon basil, is an aromatic annual herb belonging to the Lamiaceae (mint) family. Native to regions such as France and the Middle East, this plant typically grows to a height of 30 to 60 cm. The entire plant is sparsely covered with fine hairs, with upright stems that branch out abundantly and have a slightly square shape. The leaves are arranged oppositely along the stem, oval in shape, and have a slightly indented or engraved appearance.
The flowers grow in clusters along the stem, with each cluster containing two small leaves and six blossoms, forming a rounded inflorescence. The calyx is bell-shaped, while the corolla has a lip-like structure, and the flowers are usually white in color. The plant has a compact, naturally rounded form, making it a popular choice for gardens, balconies, and public spaces where greenery, fragrance, and aesthetic appeal are desired.
Lemon basil is rich in essential vitamins, trace minerals, and aromatic oils such as anethole and eugenol. It is widely used in culinary applications as a seasoning, but also finds use in perfumery and flavoring. The fruit contains significant amounts of protein, fat, and carbohydrates. The tender stems and leaves have a soft, pleasant aroma and can be used raw, stir-fried, or added to soups. They not only enhance the fragrance of dishes but also stimulate appetite and improve digestion.
In traditional medicine, lemon basil is considered spicy and warm, entering the lungs, spleen, stomach, and large intestine. It is believed to help relieve wind-cold symptoms, promote sweating, and alleviate pain caused by stagnation. It is used to treat conditions such as colds, headaches, chest tightness, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, bad breath, and eczema.
Lemon basil is highly adaptable, thriving in well-drained, fertile soil and requiring plenty of sunlight. It can germinate at temperatures as low as 15°C and grows best between 16°C and 28°C. The plant reaches maturity in about 70 days, making it ideal for container gardening and widespread cultivation. Combining ornamental value, culinary use, health benefits, and therapeutic properties, lemon basil is a versatile and valuable plant with great potential for future development.
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