Lemon basil (Figure)
Ocimum basilicum, commonly known as sweet basil, is an annual herb belonging to the Lamiaceae (mint) family. Native to regions such as France and the Middle East, this plant typically grows to a height of 30 to 60 cm. The entire plant is sparsely covered with fine hairs, with upright stems that branch out abundantly and have a slightly square shape. The leaves are arranged oppositely along the stem, are oval in shape, and have a slightly indented or engraved surface.
The flowers appear in clusters along the stem, with each cluster containing two leaves and six small white flowers, forming a rounded inflorescence. The calyx is bell-shaped, and the corolla has a lip-like structure. The plant has a compact, naturally hemispherical growth habit, making it a popular choice for gardens, balconies, public spaces, and urban greenery. Its aromatic properties make it ideal for beautification and fragrance enhancement.
Ocimum basilicum contains high levels of vitamins, essential minerals, and aromatic oils such as anethole and eugenol. It is widely used in culinary applications as a seasoning, but also finds use in flavoring, perfumery, and aromatherapy. The fruits are rich in proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, while the tender leaves and stems offer a soft, pleasant aroma. They can be used raw in salads, cooked in soups, or stir-fried, adding a delightful fragrance and enhancing appetite.
Lemon basil, a variety of Ocimum basilicum, has a spicy and warm nature, affecting the lungs, spleen, stomach, and large intestine. It helps to dispel wind, induce sweating, relieve pain from blood stasis, and is effective in treating symptoms such as colds, headaches, chest tightness, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, bad breath, and eczema.
This plant is highly adaptable, thriving in well-drained, fertile soils and in warm, sunny conditions. It can germinate at temperatures as low as 15°C, with optimal growth occurring between 16°C and 28°C. It takes approximately 70 days to mature and is suitable for container gardening as well as outdoor planting. Combining ornamental value, culinary use, health benefits, and therapeutic effects, lemon basil is a versatile and valuable plant. With its wide range of applications and growing popularity, it holds great potential for future development in both home and commercial settings.
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